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The macroevolutionary impact of recent and imminent mammal extinctions on Madagascar

Many of Madagascar’s unique species are threatened with extinction. However, the severity of recent and potential extinctions in a global evolutionary context is unquantified. Here, we compile a phylogenetic dataset for the complete non-marine mammalian biota of Madagascar and estimate natural rates...

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Autores principales: Michielsen, Nathan M., Goodman, Steven M., Soarimalala, Voahangy, van der Geer, Alexandra A. E., Dávalos, Liliana M., Saville, Grace I., Upham, Nathan, Valente, Luis
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Nature Publishing Group UK 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9832013/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36627274
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-35215-3
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author Michielsen, Nathan M.
Goodman, Steven M.
Soarimalala, Voahangy
van der Geer, Alexandra A. E.
Dávalos, Liliana M.
Saville, Grace I.
Upham, Nathan
Valente, Luis
author_facet Michielsen, Nathan M.
Goodman, Steven M.
Soarimalala, Voahangy
van der Geer, Alexandra A. E.
Dávalos, Liliana M.
Saville, Grace I.
Upham, Nathan
Valente, Luis
author_sort Michielsen, Nathan M.
collection PubMed
description Many of Madagascar’s unique species are threatened with extinction. However, the severity of recent and potential extinctions in a global evolutionary context is unquantified. Here, we compile a phylogenetic dataset for the complete non-marine mammalian biota of Madagascar and estimate natural rates of extinction, colonization, and speciation. We measure how long it would take to restore Madagascar’s mammalian biodiversity under these rates, the “evolutionary return time” (ERT). At the time of human arrival there were approximately 250 species of mammals on Madagascar, resulting from 33 colonisation events (28 by bats), but at least 30 of these species have gone extinct since then. We show that the loss of currently threatened species would have a much deeper long-term impact than all the extinctions since human arrival. A return from current to pre-human diversity would take 1.6 million years (Myr) for bats, and 2.9 Myr for non-volant mammals. However, if species currently classified as threatened go extinct, the ERT rises to 2.9 Myr for bats and 23 Myr for non-volant mammals. Our results suggest that an extinction wave with deep evolutionary impact is imminent on Madagascar unless immediate conservation actions are taken.
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spelling pubmed-98320132023-01-12 The macroevolutionary impact of recent and imminent mammal extinctions on Madagascar Michielsen, Nathan M. Goodman, Steven M. Soarimalala, Voahangy van der Geer, Alexandra A. E. Dávalos, Liliana M. Saville, Grace I. Upham, Nathan Valente, Luis Nat Commun Article Many of Madagascar’s unique species are threatened with extinction. However, the severity of recent and potential extinctions in a global evolutionary context is unquantified. Here, we compile a phylogenetic dataset for the complete non-marine mammalian biota of Madagascar and estimate natural rates of extinction, colonization, and speciation. We measure how long it would take to restore Madagascar’s mammalian biodiversity under these rates, the “evolutionary return time” (ERT). At the time of human arrival there were approximately 250 species of mammals on Madagascar, resulting from 33 colonisation events (28 by bats), but at least 30 of these species have gone extinct since then. We show that the loss of currently threatened species would have a much deeper long-term impact than all the extinctions since human arrival. A return from current to pre-human diversity would take 1.6 million years (Myr) for bats, and 2.9 Myr for non-volant mammals. However, if species currently classified as threatened go extinct, the ERT rises to 2.9 Myr for bats and 23 Myr for non-volant mammals. Our results suggest that an extinction wave with deep evolutionary impact is imminent on Madagascar unless immediate conservation actions are taken. Nature Publishing Group UK 2023-01-10 /pmc/articles/PMC9832013/ /pubmed/36627274 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-35215-3 Text en © The Author(s) 2023 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) .
spellingShingle Article
Michielsen, Nathan M.
Goodman, Steven M.
Soarimalala, Voahangy
van der Geer, Alexandra A. E.
Dávalos, Liliana M.
Saville, Grace I.
Upham, Nathan
Valente, Luis
The macroevolutionary impact of recent and imminent mammal extinctions on Madagascar
title The macroevolutionary impact of recent and imminent mammal extinctions on Madagascar
title_full The macroevolutionary impact of recent and imminent mammal extinctions on Madagascar
title_fullStr The macroevolutionary impact of recent and imminent mammal extinctions on Madagascar
title_full_unstemmed The macroevolutionary impact of recent and imminent mammal extinctions on Madagascar
title_short The macroevolutionary impact of recent and imminent mammal extinctions on Madagascar
title_sort macroevolutionary impact of recent and imminent mammal extinctions on madagascar
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9832013/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36627274
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-35215-3
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