Immune Metabolism in TH2 Responses: New Opportunities to Improve Allergy Treatment — Cell Type-Specific Findings (Part 2)

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Over the last years, we have learned that the metabolic phenotype of immune cells is closely connected to the cell’s effector function. Understanding these changes will allow us to better understand allergic disease pathology and improve allergy treatment by modulating immune metabolic pathways. As part two of a two-article series, this review reports on the recent studies investigating the metabolism of the cell types involved in allergies and discusses the initial application of these discoveries in allergy treatment. RECENT FINDINGS: The cell types involved in allergic reactions display pronounced and highly specific metabolic changes (here discussed for epithelial cells, APCs, ILC2s, mast cells, eosinophils, and Th2 cells). Currently, the first drugs targeting metabolic pathways are tested for their potential to improve allergy treatment. SUMMARY: Immune-metabolic changes observed in allergy so far are complex and depend on the investigated disease and cell type. However, our increased understanding of the underlying principles has pointed to several promising target molecules that are now being investigated to improve allergy treatment.