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Sores of boreal moose reveal a previously unknown genetic lineage of parasitic nematode within the genus Onchocerca

Long-standing reports of open sores on the hind legs of moose (Alces alces) have been recorded in Alaska (as well as Canada, Europe, and Michigan), eliciting concerns about causes and infection. We used histological and genomic methods to investigate the sores from 20 adult moose on the Kenai Penins...

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Autores principales: Benedict, Bridgett M., Barboza, Perry S., Crouse, John A., Groch, Katia R., Kulpa, Matthew R., Thompson, Dan P., Verocai, Guilherme G., Wiener, Dominique J.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9833588/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36630399
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0278886
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author Benedict, Bridgett M.
Barboza, Perry S.
Crouse, John A.
Groch, Katia R.
Kulpa, Matthew R.
Thompson, Dan P.
Verocai, Guilherme G.
Wiener, Dominique J.
author_facet Benedict, Bridgett M.
Barboza, Perry S.
Crouse, John A.
Groch, Katia R.
Kulpa, Matthew R.
Thompson, Dan P.
Verocai, Guilherme G.
Wiener, Dominique J.
author_sort Benedict, Bridgett M.
collection PubMed
description Long-standing reports of open sores on the hind legs of moose (Alces alces) have been recorded in Alaska (as well as Canada, Europe, and Michigan), eliciting concerns about causes and infection. We used histological and genomic methods to investigate the sores from 20 adult moose on the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska. We paired this with thermal imagery and molt scoring of adult moose to further describe sore formation and understand its timing. Severe, ulcerative and eosinophilic dermatitis was found in all moose with sores present, and microfilariae within intraepidermal pustules were additionally found in four samples. Genetic analysis of sores from moose revealed a previously unknown genetic lineage of Onchocerca. Adult moose molt and lose their barrier of protection against flies in June and July during peak fly activity, leaving them vulnerable and allowing the development of sores. In summary, our results indicate that the cause for the sores on the hindleg of moose is a previously unknown genetic lineage of Onchocerca, probably transmitted by black flies, in timing with the molt cycle of adult moose. These sores leave moose exposed to pathogens, making them vulnerable, and challenging their health and fitness.
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spelling pubmed-98335882023-01-12 Sores of boreal moose reveal a previously unknown genetic lineage of parasitic nematode within the genus Onchocerca Benedict, Bridgett M. Barboza, Perry S. Crouse, John A. Groch, Katia R. Kulpa, Matthew R. Thompson, Dan P. Verocai, Guilherme G. Wiener, Dominique J. PLoS One Research Article Long-standing reports of open sores on the hind legs of moose (Alces alces) have been recorded in Alaska (as well as Canada, Europe, and Michigan), eliciting concerns about causes and infection. We used histological and genomic methods to investigate the sores from 20 adult moose on the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska. We paired this with thermal imagery and molt scoring of adult moose to further describe sore formation and understand its timing. Severe, ulcerative and eosinophilic dermatitis was found in all moose with sores present, and microfilariae within intraepidermal pustules were additionally found in four samples. Genetic analysis of sores from moose revealed a previously unknown genetic lineage of Onchocerca. Adult moose molt and lose their barrier of protection against flies in June and July during peak fly activity, leaving them vulnerable and allowing the development of sores. In summary, our results indicate that the cause for the sores on the hindleg of moose is a previously unknown genetic lineage of Onchocerca, probably transmitted by black flies, in timing with the molt cycle of adult moose. These sores leave moose exposed to pathogens, making them vulnerable, and challenging their health and fitness. Public Library of Science 2023-01-11 /pmc/articles/PMC9833588/ /pubmed/36630399 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0278886 Text en © 2023 Benedict et al https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Benedict, Bridgett M.
Barboza, Perry S.
Crouse, John A.
Groch, Katia R.
Kulpa, Matthew R.
Thompson, Dan P.
Verocai, Guilherme G.
Wiener, Dominique J.
Sores of boreal moose reveal a previously unknown genetic lineage of parasitic nematode within the genus Onchocerca
title Sores of boreal moose reveal a previously unknown genetic lineage of parasitic nematode within the genus Onchocerca
title_full Sores of boreal moose reveal a previously unknown genetic lineage of parasitic nematode within the genus Onchocerca
title_fullStr Sores of boreal moose reveal a previously unknown genetic lineage of parasitic nematode within the genus Onchocerca
title_full_unstemmed Sores of boreal moose reveal a previously unknown genetic lineage of parasitic nematode within the genus Onchocerca
title_short Sores of boreal moose reveal a previously unknown genetic lineage of parasitic nematode within the genus Onchocerca
title_sort sores of boreal moose reveal a previously unknown genetic lineage of parasitic nematode within the genus onchocerca
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9833588/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36630399
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0278886
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