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Linalool attenuated ischemic injury in PC12 cells through inhibition of caspase‐3 and caspase‐9 during apoptosis
Numerous studies have indicated the pharmacological properties of linalool, a volatile terpene alcohol found in many flowers and spice plants, including anti‐nociceptive, anti‐inflammatory, and neuroprotective activities. The aim of this study was to explore the mechanisms of neuroprotection provide...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
John Wiley and Sons Inc.
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9834854/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36655091 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.3057 |
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author | Hosseini, Azar Pourheidar, Elham Rajabian, Arezoo Asadpour, Elham Hosseinzadeh, Hossein Sadeghnia, Hamid Reza |
author_facet | Hosseini, Azar Pourheidar, Elham Rajabian, Arezoo Asadpour, Elham Hosseinzadeh, Hossein Sadeghnia, Hamid Reza |
author_sort | Hosseini, Azar |
collection | PubMed |
description | Numerous studies have indicated the pharmacological properties of linalool, a volatile terpene alcohol found in many flowers and spice plants, including anti‐nociceptive, anti‐inflammatory, and neuroprotective activities. The aim of this study was to explore the mechanisms of neuroprotection provided by (±) linalool and its enantiomer, (R)‐(−) linalool against oxygen, and glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) in PC12 cells. PC12 cells were treated with (±) linalool and (R)‐(−) linalool before exposure to OGD/R condition. Cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, malondialdehyde (MDA) level, DNA damage, and the levels of proteins related to apoptosis were evaluated using MTT, comet assay, and western blot analysis, respectively. IC(50) values for the PC12 cells incubated with (±) linalool and (R)‐(−) linalool were 2700 and 2600 μM after 14 h, as well as 5440 and 3040 μM after 18 h, respectively. Survival of the ischemic cells pre‐incubated with (±) linalool and (R)‐(−) linalool (100 μM of both) increased compared to the cells subjected to the OGD/R alone (p < .001). ROS and MDA formation were also decreased following incubation with (±) linalool and (R)‐(−) linalool compared to the OGD/R group (p < .01). In the same way, pre‐treatment with (±) linalool and (R)‐(−) linalool significantly reduced OGD/R‐induced DNA injury compared to that seen in OGD/R group (p < .001). (±) Linalool and (R)‐(−) linalool also restored Bax/Bcl‐2 ratio and cleaved caspase‐3 and caspase‐9 (p < .001, p < .01) following ischemic injury. The neuroprotective effect of linalool against ischemic insult might be mediated by alleviation of oxidative stress and apoptosis. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9834854 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | John Wiley and Sons Inc. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-98348542023-01-17 Linalool attenuated ischemic injury in PC12 cells through inhibition of caspase‐3 and caspase‐9 during apoptosis Hosseini, Azar Pourheidar, Elham Rajabian, Arezoo Asadpour, Elham Hosseinzadeh, Hossein Sadeghnia, Hamid Reza Food Sci Nutr Original Articles Numerous studies have indicated the pharmacological properties of linalool, a volatile terpene alcohol found in many flowers and spice plants, including anti‐nociceptive, anti‐inflammatory, and neuroprotective activities. The aim of this study was to explore the mechanisms of neuroprotection provided by (±) linalool and its enantiomer, (R)‐(−) linalool against oxygen, and glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) in PC12 cells. PC12 cells were treated with (±) linalool and (R)‐(−) linalool before exposure to OGD/R condition. Cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, malondialdehyde (MDA) level, DNA damage, and the levels of proteins related to apoptosis were evaluated using MTT, comet assay, and western blot analysis, respectively. IC(50) values for the PC12 cells incubated with (±) linalool and (R)‐(−) linalool were 2700 and 2600 μM after 14 h, as well as 5440 and 3040 μM after 18 h, respectively. Survival of the ischemic cells pre‐incubated with (±) linalool and (R)‐(−) linalool (100 μM of both) increased compared to the cells subjected to the OGD/R alone (p < .001). ROS and MDA formation were also decreased following incubation with (±) linalool and (R)‐(−) linalool compared to the OGD/R group (p < .01). In the same way, pre‐treatment with (±) linalool and (R)‐(−) linalool significantly reduced OGD/R‐induced DNA injury compared to that seen in OGD/R group (p < .001). (±) Linalool and (R)‐(−) linalool also restored Bax/Bcl‐2 ratio and cleaved caspase‐3 and caspase‐9 (p < .001, p < .01) following ischemic injury. The neuroprotective effect of linalool against ischemic insult might be mediated by alleviation of oxidative stress and apoptosis. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2022-09-20 /pmc/articles/PMC9834854/ /pubmed/36655091 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.3057 Text en © 2022 The Authors. Food Science & Nutrition published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Original Articles Hosseini, Azar Pourheidar, Elham Rajabian, Arezoo Asadpour, Elham Hosseinzadeh, Hossein Sadeghnia, Hamid Reza Linalool attenuated ischemic injury in PC12 cells through inhibition of caspase‐3 and caspase‐9 during apoptosis |
title | Linalool attenuated ischemic injury in PC12 cells through inhibition of caspase‐3 and caspase‐9 during apoptosis |
title_full | Linalool attenuated ischemic injury in PC12 cells through inhibition of caspase‐3 and caspase‐9 during apoptosis |
title_fullStr | Linalool attenuated ischemic injury in PC12 cells through inhibition of caspase‐3 and caspase‐9 during apoptosis |
title_full_unstemmed | Linalool attenuated ischemic injury in PC12 cells through inhibition of caspase‐3 and caspase‐9 during apoptosis |
title_short | Linalool attenuated ischemic injury in PC12 cells through inhibition of caspase‐3 and caspase‐9 during apoptosis |
title_sort | linalool attenuated ischemic injury in pc12 cells through inhibition of caspase‐3 and caspase‐9 during apoptosis |
topic | Original Articles |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9834854/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36655091 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.3057 |
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