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Shale Wettability Characteristics via Air/Brines and Air/Oil Contact Angles and Influence of Controlling Factors: A Case Study of Lower Indus Basin, Pakistan

[Image: see text] Wettability is the fundamental parameter that influences the productivity of hydrocarbon reservoirs. The knowledge of this regarding shale formation is yet inadequate; thus, detailed analysis is essential for successful development of such reservoirs. The Early Cretaceous Sembar fo...

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Autores principales: Bhutto, Darya Khan, Shar, Abdul Majeed, Abbasi, Ghazanfer Raza, Ansari, Ubedullah
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: American Chemical Society 2022
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9835805/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36643511
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.2c05960
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author Bhutto, Darya Khan
Shar, Abdul Majeed
Abbasi, Ghazanfer Raza
Ansari, Ubedullah
author_facet Bhutto, Darya Khan
Shar, Abdul Majeed
Abbasi, Ghazanfer Raza
Ansari, Ubedullah
author_sort Bhutto, Darya Khan
collection PubMed
description [Image: see text] Wettability is the fundamental parameter that influences the productivity of hydrocarbon reservoirs. The knowledge of this regarding shale formation is yet inadequate; thus, detailed analysis is essential for successful development of such reservoirs. The Early Cretaceous Sembar formations in the Lower Indus Basin, Pakistan, is considered as the key target for energy exploration; however, it exhibits large uncertainties due to the lack of data availability. Sembar shales hold significant hydrocarbon volumes rich in organic content; however, prior to this, no comprehensive research has been conducted to quantify the wetting behavior of these shales. Thus, precise information about the wetting behavior of Sembar shale formations is essential, as it is influenced by many factors. Therefore, in this study, we examined the wettability of Sembar shale samples by performing a suit of contact angle (CA) measurements. The CA measurements on shale samples were performed using different salt types (NaCl, KCl, MgCl(2), and Reef Salt) and concentrations of 0.1 M and 0.5 M under ambient pressures and varying temperatures (25–50 °C). The CA was measured via air–brine and air–oil under prevailing pressure and temperature conditions. Subsequently, the sample morphology and surface topography were examined via field emission scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy, respectively. The mineral compositions were obtained via X-ray diffraction studies. The results clearly show that the Sembar shale possesses a mixed wetting behavior. Under dry surfaces, they have large affinity to oil and deionized water in which the droplet spreads quickly on the sample surfaces. Conversely, the samples aged with n-decane and NaCl brines exhibited higher CAs than the untreated samples. Additionally, the CA measured by changing temperatures led to an increase for all brine droplets; the CA further increased as the concentrations of salts increased from 0.1 to 0.5 M. We then discussed the possible reasons for the discrepancy in CA values due to temperature changes and brine concentrations. Moreover, the CA was measured corresponding to the surface roughness from which it appears that it merely affects the wettability of these shale samples. However, the present study results lead to an improved understanding of the wettability of Sembar shale of the Lower Indus Basin in Pakistan.
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spelling pubmed-98358052023-01-13 Shale Wettability Characteristics via Air/Brines and Air/Oil Contact Angles and Influence of Controlling Factors: A Case Study of Lower Indus Basin, Pakistan Bhutto, Darya Khan Shar, Abdul Majeed Abbasi, Ghazanfer Raza Ansari, Ubedullah ACS Omega [Image: see text] Wettability is the fundamental parameter that influences the productivity of hydrocarbon reservoirs. The knowledge of this regarding shale formation is yet inadequate; thus, detailed analysis is essential for successful development of such reservoirs. The Early Cretaceous Sembar formations in the Lower Indus Basin, Pakistan, is considered as the key target for energy exploration; however, it exhibits large uncertainties due to the lack of data availability. Sembar shales hold significant hydrocarbon volumes rich in organic content; however, prior to this, no comprehensive research has been conducted to quantify the wetting behavior of these shales. Thus, precise information about the wetting behavior of Sembar shale formations is essential, as it is influenced by many factors. Therefore, in this study, we examined the wettability of Sembar shale samples by performing a suit of contact angle (CA) measurements. The CA measurements on shale samples were performed using different salt types (NaCl, KCl, MgCl(2), and Reef Salt) and concentrations of 0.1 M and 0.5 M under ambient pressures and varying temperatures (25–50 °C). The CA was measured via air–brine and air–oil under prevailing pressure and temperature conditions. Subsequently, the sample morphology and surface topography were examined via field emission scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy, respectively. The mineral compositions were obtained via X-ray diffraction studies. The results clearly show that the Sembar shale possesses a mixed wetting behavior. Under dry surfaces, they have large affinity to oil and deionized water in which the droplet spreads quickly on the sample surfaces. Conversely, the samples aged with n-decane and NaCl brines exhibited higher CAs than the untreated samples. Additionally, the CA measured by changing temperatures led to an increase for all brine droplets; the CA further increased as the concentrations of salts increased from 0.1 to 0.5 M. We then discussed the possible reasons for the discrepancy in CA values due to temperature changes and brine concentrations. Moreover, the CA was measured corresponding to the surface roughness from which it appears that it merely affects the wettability of these shale samples. However, the present study results lead to an improved understanding of the wettability of Sembar shale of the Lower Indus Basin in Pakistan. American Chemical Society 2022-12-29 /pmc/articles/PMC9835805/ /pubmed/36643511 http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.2c05960 Text en © 2022 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Permits non-commercial access and re-use, provided that author attribution and integrity are maintained; but does not permit creation of adaptations or other derivative works (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
spellingShingle Bhutto, Darya Khan
Shar, Abdul Majeed
Abbasi, Ghazanfer Raza
Ansari, Ubedullah
Shale Wettability Characteristics via Air/Brines and Air/Oil Contact Angles and Influence of Controlling Factors: A Case Study of Lower Indus Basin, Pakistan
title Shale Wettability Characteristics via Air/Brines and Air/Oil Contact Angles and Influence of Controlling Factors: A Case Study of Lower Indus Basin, Pakistan
title_full Shale Wettability Characteristics via Air/Brines and Air/Oil Contact Angles and Influence of Controlling Factors: A Case Study of Lower Indus Basin, Pakistan
title_fullStr Shale Wettability Characteristics via Air/Brines and Air/Oil Contact Angles and Influence of Controlling Factors: A Case Study of Lower Indus Basin, Pakistan
title_full_unstemmed Shale Wettability Characteristics via Air/Brines and Air/Oil Contact Angles and Influence of Controlling Factors: A Case Study of Lower Indus Basin, Pakistan
title_short Shale Wettability Characteristics via Air/Brines and Air/Oil Contact Angles and Influence of Controlling Factors: A Case Study of Lower Indus Basin, Pakistan
title_sort shale wettability characteristics via air/brines and air/oil contact angles and influence of controlling factors: a case study of lower indus basin, pakistan
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9835805/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36643511
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.2c05960
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