Successful Third Kidney Transplantation in a Nigerian Kidney Transplant Center: A Case Report

Patients with end-stage renal disease have limited options in the course of their management. Kidney transplantation (KT) remains the gold standard for the management of renal replacement therapy. There is increasing evidence supporting the viability of third and fourth KTs. Due to the complexities of carrying out a successful third KT and the scarcity of living organ donors, it is not a common procedure in Nigeria's few renal transplant centres. To date, there is no reported case of a successful third KT in Nigeria. Here, we present the first reported case of a third KT carried out in Nigeria on a 44-year-old hypertensive, hepatitis B-infected, non-diabetic male patient. He had the first living donor KT eight years ago, which he lost due to poor immunosuppressive medication adherence. He then had a second living donor, KT, four years ago. Both KTs were from altruistic donors and were performed in the same hospital outside Nigeria. He developed allograft nephropathy after receiving the AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine 16 months ago and lost the second graft as a result. He was worked up and transplanted at our centre. Third kidney transplantation can be performed successfully despite the challenges of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) sensitization, antibiotic resistance, and surgical placement of the graft.