Immune checkpoint inhibitors in advanced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma: A systemic review and meta‐analysis

BACKGROUND: To evaluate the immune checkpoint inhibitors (CPI) for the treatment of patients with advanced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A meta‐analysis was conducted, and the efficacy and safety of CPI were assessed. RESULTS: A total of 13 studies with 980 patients were included. The pooled objective response rate (ORR) and disease control rate were 47.2% and 64.4%, separately. In addition, patients with primary tumor located in head and neck (odds ratio [OR]: 0.374, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.219–0.640, p < 0.001) and positive expression of programmed death ligand 1 (OR: 0.364, 95% CI: 0.158–0.842, P = 0.018) had superior ORR during CPI treatment. The incidence of progression free survival at 6 and 12 months was 59.3% and 52.8%, and 80.6% and 76.4% for overall survival. As for safety, the overall incidence of adverse events with all grades and 3–4 grade was 76.9% and 20.2%. CONCLUSIONS: Our systematic review confirmed the satisfying efficacy and acceptable toxicity of CPI for advanced CSCC.