Study of event‐related potentials by withdrawal friction on the fingertip

OBJECTIVES: The lack of understanding about the brain's reaction processes in perceiving touch and separation between skin and object surfaces is a barrier to the development of existing brain‐computer interface technologies and virtual haptics. These technologies are limited in their ability to advance. It leaves prosthesis users with a limited amount of tactile information that they can feel. This study aims to determine whether distinct surface aspects of various items trigger different reactions from the brain when friction is removed from the surface. METHODS: When friction is suddenly removed from the surface of an item, a technique called event‐related potential, (ERP) is used to study the features of people's EEGs. It is done after the subject has actively explored the object's surface. A 64‐channels EEG collecting system was utilized to acquire EEG data from the individuals. [Corrections added on 5 December 2022, after first online publication: The preceding sentence has been updated.] The event‐related potentials for friction removal were generated using the Oddball paradigm, and the samples consisted of sandpaper with three distinct degrees of roughness. We utilized a total of 20 participants, 10 of whom were male, and 10 of whom were female, with a mean age of 21 years. RESULTS: It was discovered that the P3 component of event‐related potentials, which is essential for cognition, was noticeably absent in the friction withdrawal response for various roughnesses. It was the case regardless of whether the surface was smooth or rough. Moreover, there was no statistically significant difference between the P1 andP2 components, which suggests that the brain could not recognize the surface properties of objects with varying roughness as the friction withdrawal was being performed. CONCLUSIONS: It has been demonstrated that tactile recognition does not occur after friction withdrawal. The findings of this paper could have significant repercussions for future research involving the study of haptic perception and brain‐computer interaction in prosthetic hands. It is a step toward future research on the mechanisms underlying human tactile perception, so think of it as preparation.