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Modernization, collectivism, and gender equality predict love experiences in 45 countries
Recent cross-cultural and neuro-hormonal investigations have suggested that love is a near universal phenomenon that has a biological background. Therefore, the remaining important question is not whether love exists worldwide but which cultural, social, or environmental factors influence experience...
| Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
| Lenguaje: | English |
| Publicado: |
Nature Publishing Group UK
2023
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| Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9840424/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36641519 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-26663-4 |
| _version_ | 1784869640310095872 |
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| author | Sorokowski, Piotr Kowal, Marta Sternberg, Robert J. Aavik, Toivo Akello, Grace Alhabahba, Mohammad Madallh Alm, Charlotte Amjad, Naumana Anjum, Afifa Asao, Kelly Atama, Chiemezie S. Atamtürk Duyar, Derya Ayebare, Richard Conroy-Beam, Daniel Bendixen, Mons Bensafia, Aicha Bizumic, Boris Boussena, Mahmoud Buss, David M. Butovskaya, Marina Can, Seda Carrier, Antonin Cetinkaya, Hakan Croy, Ilona Cueto, Rosa María Czub, Marcin Dronova, Daria Dural, Seda Duyar, Izzet Ertugrul, Berna Espinosa, Agustín Estevan, Ignacio Esteves, Carla Sofia Frackowiak, Tomasz Garduño, Jorge Contreras González, Karina Ugalde Guemaz, Farida Halamová, Mária Herak, Iskra Horvat, Marina Hromatko, Ivana Hui, Chin-Ming Jaafar, Jas Laile Jiang, Feng Kafetsios, Konstantinos Kavčič, Tina Kennair, Leif Edward Ottesen Kervyn, Nicolas Ha, Truong Thi Khanh Khilji, Imran Ahmed Köbis, Nils C. Kostic, Aleksandra Lan, Hoang Moc Láng, András Lennard, Georgina R. León, Ernesto Lindholm, Torun Linh, Trinh Thi Lopez, Giulia Van Luot, Nguyen Mailhos, Alvaro Manesi, Zoi Martinez, Rocio McKerchar, Sarah L. Meskó, Norbert Pejičić, Marija Misra, Girishwar Monaghan, Conal Mora, Emanuel C. Moya-Garófano, Alba Musil, Bojan Natividade, Jean Carlos Nizharadze, George Oberzaucher, Elisabeth Oleszkiewicz, Anna Omar-Fauzee, Mohd Sofian Onyishi, Ike E. Özener, Baris Pagani, Ariela Francesca Pakalniskiene, Vilmante Parise, Miriam Pazhoohi, Farid Pisanski, Annette Pisanski, Katarzyna Ponciano, Edna Popa, Camelia Prokop, Pavol Rizwan, Muhammad Sainz, Mario Salkičević, Svjetlana Sargautyte, Ruta Sarmány-Schuller, Ivan Schmehl, Susanne Shahid, Anam Sharad, Shivantika Siddiqui, Razi Sultan Simonetti, Franco Tadinac, Meri Vauclair, Christin-Melanie Vega, Luis Diego Walter, Kathryn V. Widarini, Dwi Ajeng Yoo, Gyesook Zaťková, Marta Zupančič, Maja Sorokowska, Agnieszka |
| author_facet | Sorokowski, Piotr Kowal, Marta Sternberg, Robert J. Aavik, Toivo Akello, Grace Alhabahba, Mohammad Madallh Alm, Charlotte Amjad, Naumana Anjum, Afifa Asao, Kelly Atama, Chiemezie S. Atamtürk Duyar, Derya Ayebare, Richard Conroy-Beam, Daniel Bendixen, Mons Bensafia, Aicha Bizumic, Boris Boussena, Mahmoud Buss, David M. Butovskaya, Marina Can, Seda Carrier, Antonin Cetinkaya, Hakan Croy, Ilona Cueto, Rosa María Czub, Marcin Dronova, Daria Dural, Seda Duyar, Izzet Ertugrul, Berna Espinosa, Agustín Estevan, Ignacio Esteves, Carla Sofia Frackowiak, Tomasz Garduño, Jorge Contreras González, Karina Ugalde Guemaz, Farida Halamová, Mária Herak, Iskra Horvat, Marina Hromatko, Ivana Hui, Chin-Ming Jaafar, Jas Laile Jiang, Feng Kafetsios, Konstantinos Kavčič, Tina Kennair, Leif Edward Ottesen Kervyn, Nicolas Ha, Truong Thi Khanh Khilji, Imran Ahmed Köbis, Nils C. Kostic, Aleksandra Lan, Hoang Moc Láng, András Lennard, Georgina R. León, Ernesto Lindholm, Torun Linh, Trinh Thi Lopez, Giulia Van Luot, Nguyen Mailhos, Alvaro Manesi, Zoi Martinez, Rocio McKerchar, Sarah L. Meskó, Norbert Pejičić, Marija Misra, Girishwar Monaghan, Conal Mora, Emanuel C. Moya-Garófano, Alba Musil, Bojan Natividade, Jean Carlos Nizharadze, George Oberzaucher, Elisabeth Oleszkiewicz, Anna Omar-Fauzee, Mohd Sofian Onyishi, Ike E. Özener, Baris Pagani, Ariela Francesca Pakalniskiene, Vilmante Parise, Miriam Pazhoohi, Farid Pisanski, Annette Pisanski, Katarzyna Ponciano, Edna Popa, Camelia Prokop, Pavol Rizwan, Muhammad Sainz, Mario Salkičević, Svjetlana Sargautyte, Ruta Sarmány-Schuller, Ivan Schmehl, Susanne Shahid, Anam Sharad, Shivantika Siddiqui, Razi Sultan Simonetti, Franco Tadinac, Meri Vauclair, Christin-Melanie Vega, Luis Diego Walter, Kathryn V. Widarini, Dwi Ajeng Yoo, Gyesook Zaťková, Marta Zupančič, Maja Sorokowska, Agnieszka |
| author_sort | Sorokowski, Piotr |
| collection | PubMed |
| description | Recent cross-cultural and neuro-hormonal investigations have suggested that love is a near universal phenomenon that has a biological background. Therefore, the remaining important question is not whether love exists worldwide but which cultural, social, or environmental factors influence experiences and expressions of love. In the present study, we explored whether countries’ modernization indexes are related to love experiences measured by three subscales (passion, intimacy, commitment) of the Triangular Love Scale. Analyzing data from 9474 individuals from 45 countries, we tested for relationships with country-level predictors, namely, modernization proxies (i.e., Human Development Index, World Modernization Index, Gender Inequality Index), collectivism, and average annual temperatures. We found that mean levels of love (especially intimacy) were higher in countries with higher modernization proxies, collectivism, and average annual temperatures. In conclusion, our results grant some support to the hypothesis that modernization processes might influence love experiences. |
| format | Online Article Text |
| id | pubmed-9840424 |
| institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2023 |
| publisher | Nature Publishing Group UK |
| record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
| spelling | pubmed-98404242023-01-16 Modernization, collectivism, and gender equality predict love experiences in 45 countries Sorokowski, Piotr Kowal, Marta Sternberg, Robert J. Aavik, Toivo Akello, Grace Alhabahba, Mohammad Madallh Alm, Charlotte Amjad, Naumana Anjum, Afifa Asao, Kelly Atama, Chiemezie S. Atamtürk Duyar, Derya Ayebare, Richard Conroy-Beam, Daniel Bendixen, Mons Bensafia, Aicha Bizumic, Boris Boussena, Mahmoud Buss, David M. Butovskaya, Marina Can, Seda Carrier, Antonin Cetinkaya, Hakan Croy, Ilona Cueto, Rosa María Czub, Marcin Dronova, Daria Dural, Seda Duyar, Izzet Ertugrul, Berna Espinosa, Agustín Estevan, Ignacio Esteves, Carla Sofia Frackowiak, Tomasz Garduño, Jorge Contreras González, Karina Ugalde Guemaz, Farida Halamová, Mária Herak, Iskra Horvat, Marina Hromatko, Ivana Hui, Chin-Ming Jaafar, Jas Laile Jiang, Feng Kafetsios, Konstantinos Kavčič, Tina Kennair, Leif Edward Ottesen Kervyn, Nicolas Ha, Truong Thi Khanh Khilji, Imran Ahmed Köbis, Nils C. Kostic, Aleksandra Lan, Hoang Moc Láng, András Lennard, Georgina R. León, Ernesto Lindholm, Torun Linh, Trinh Thi Lopez, Giulia Van Luot, Nguyen Mailhos, Alvaro Manesi, Zoi Martinez, Rocio McKerchar, Sarah L. Meskó, Norbert Pejičić, Marija Misra, Girishwar Monaghan, Conal Mora, Emanuel C. Moya-Garófano, Alba Musil, Bojan Natividade, Jean Carlos Nizharadze, George Oberzaucher, Elisabeth Oleszkiewicz, Anna Omar-Fauzee, Mohd Sofian Onyishi, Ike E. Özener, Baris Pagani, Ariela Francesca Pakalniskiene, Vilmante Parise, Miriam Pazhoohi, Farid Pisanski, Annette Pisanski, Katarzyna Ponciano, Edna Popa, Camelia Prokop, Pavol Rizwan, Muhammad Sainz, Mario Salkičević, Svjetlana Sargautyte, Ruta Sarmány-Schuller, Ivan Schmehl, Susanne Shahid, Anam Sharad, Shivantika Siddiqui, Razi Sultan Simonetti, Franco Tadinac, Meri Vauclair, Christin-Melanie Vega, Luis Diego Walter, Kathryn V. Widarini, Dwi Ajeng Yoo, Gyesook Zaťková, Marta Zupančič, Maja Sorokowska, Agnieszka Sci Rep Article Recent cross-cultural and neuro-hormonal investigations have suggested that love is a near universal phenomenon that has a biological background. Therefore, the remaining important question is not whether love exists worldwide but which cultural, social, or environmental factors influence experiences and expressions of love. In the present study, we explored whether countries’ modernization indexes are related to love experiences measured by three subscales (passion, intimacy, commitment) of the Triangular Love Scale. Analyzing data from 9474 individuals from 45 countries, we tested for relationships with country-level predictors, namely, modernization proxies (i.e., Human Development Index, World Modernization Index, Gender Inequality Index), collectivism, and average annual temperatures. We found that mean levels of love (especially intimacy) were higher in countries with higher modernization proxies, collectivism, and average annual temperatures. In conclusion, our results grant some support to the hypothesis that modernization processes might influence love experiences. Nature Publishing Group UK 2023-01-14 /pmc/articles/PMC9840424/ /pubmed/36641519 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-26663-4 Text en © The Author(s) 2023 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . |
| spellingShingle | Article Sorokowski, Piotr Kowal, Marta Sternberg, Robert J. Aavik, Toivo Akello, Grace Alhabahba, Mohammad Madallh Alm, Charlotte Amjad, Naumana Anjum, Afifa Asao, Kelly Atama, Chiemezie S. Atamtürk Duyar, Derya Ayebare, Richard Conroy-Beam, Daniel Bendixen, Mons Bensafia, Aicha Bizumic, Boris Boussena, Mahmoud Buss, David M. Butovskaya, Marina Can, Seda Carrier, Antonin Cetinkaya, Hakan Croy, Ilona Cueto, Rosa María Czub, Marcin Dronova, Daria Dural, Seda Duyar, Izzet Ertugrul, Berna Espinosa, Agustín Estevan, Ignacio Esteves, Carla Sofia Frackowiak, Tomasz Garduño, Jorge Contreras González, Karina Ugalde Guemaz, Farida Halamová, Mária Herak, Iskra Horvat, Marina Hromatko, Ivana Hui, Chin-Ming Jaafar, Jas Laile Jiang, Feng Kafetsios, Konstantinos Kavčič, Tina Kennair, Leif Edward Ottesen Kervyn, Nicolas Ha, Truong Thi Khanh Khilji, Imran Ahmed Köbis, Nils C. Kostic, Aleksandra Lan, Hoang Moc Láng, András Lennard, Georgina R. León, Ernesto Lindholm, Torun Linh, Trinh Thi Lopez, Giulia Van Luot, Nguyen Mailhos, Alvaro Manesi, Zoi Martinez, Rocio McKerchar, Sarah L. Meskó, Norbert Pejičić, Marija Misra, Girishwar Monaghan, Conal Mora, Emanuel C. Moya-Garófano, Alba Musil, Bojan Natividade, Jean Carlos Nizharadze, George Oberzaucher, Elisabeth Oleszkiewicz, Anna Omar-Fauzee, Mohd Sofian Onyishi, Ike E. Özener, Baris Pagani, Ariela Francesca Pakalniskiene, Vilmante Parise, Miriam Pazhoohi, Farid Pisanski, Annette Pisanski, Katarzyna Ponciano, Edna Popa, Camelia Prokop, Pavol Rizwan, Muhammad Sainz, Mario Salkičević, Svjetlana Sargautyte, Ruta Sarmány-Schuller, Ivan Schmehl, Susanne Shahid, Anam Sharad, Shivantika Siddiqui, Razi Sultan Simonetti, Franco Tadinac, Meri Vauclair, Christin-Melanie Vega, Luis Diego Walter, Kathryn V. Widarini, Dwi Ajeng Yoo, Gyesook Zaťková, Marta Zupančič, Maja Sorokowska, Agnieszka Modernization, collectivism, and gender equality predict love experiences in 45 countries |
| title | Modernization, collectivism, and gender equality predict love experiences in 45 countries |
| title_full | Modernization, collectivism, and gender equality predict love experiences in 45 countries |
| title_fullStr | Modernization, collectivism, and gender equality predict love experiences in 45 countries |
| title_full_unstemmed | Modernization, collectivism, and gender equality predict love experiences in 45 countries |
| title_short | Modernization, collectivism, and gender equality predict love experiences in 45 countries |
| title_sort | modernization, collectivism, and gender equality predict love experiences in 45 countries |
| topic | Article |
| url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9840424/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36641519 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-26663-4 |
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