Green synthesis of spermine coated iron nanoparticles and its effect on biochemical properties of Rosmarinus officinalis

In this study, aqueous spinach extract was used for the green synthesis of iron nanoparticles. The surface of iron oxide nanoparticles was coated with spermine. The physicochemical properties of nanoparticles were investigated using UV-Vis, TGA, FTIR, VSM, TEM, and DLS. The results showed that the nanoparticles had a spherical structure. The surface charge of the Fe(3)O(4)-NPs increased from −3.2 to 18.42 (mV) after Fe(3)O(4) coating by spermine. In order to investigate the effect of nanoparticles on physicochemical properties of rosemary under drought stress conditions, an experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design. The results showed that the amount of antioxidant enzymes and secondary metabolites increased significantly under drought stress. Moreover, the use of spermine-coated iron nanoparticles can be useful in increasing resistance to drought stress in plants by increasing the activity of some antioxidant enzymes and secondary metabolites. The biocompatibility of Nanoparticles in cell suspension was investigated. the ability of Fe(3)O(4)-SM NPs to interact with DNA and protect it against DNaseI and ultrasonic waves using agarose gel electrophoresis was studied. The ability of Fe(3)O(4)-SM to neutralize the negative charge of DNA and protect it against DNaseΙ and ultrasonic waves was confirmed using an agarose gel electrophoresis assay.