Trends (2007–2019) of major atopic diseases throughout the life span in a large Mexican population

BACKGROUND: Major atopic diseases such as atopic dermatitis (AD), allergic rhinitis (AR), and asthma share the same atopic background, but they often show differences in their epidemiological behavior. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to report the profile of these atopic diseases in a large Mexican population, including their age-related incidences, male:female (M:F) ratios, recent time trends, and association with altitude. METHODS: Registries from the largest, nationwide health institution in Mexico (more than 34 million insured subjects), were reviewed. New cases of AD, AR, and asthma diagnosed each year by family physicians from 2007 to 2019 were adjusted by the corresponding insured population to estimate incidence rates. RESULTS: Incidences of the 3 atopic diseases were highest in the 0–4 years age-group and progressively decreased thereafter until adolescence. Asthma and AR, but not AD, were more frequent in males during childhood (M:F ratios of 1.5, 1.3, and 0.95, respectively), but predominated in females during adulthood (M:F ratios of 0.52, 0.68, and 0.73, respectively). Time trends showed an initial increasing trend of annual incidences, with a peak around 2009–2011, and a downward trend afterward. This decreasing trend was seen in all age-groups and was more evident for AD (∼50% drop) and asthma (∼40% drop) than for AR (∼20% drop). Geographical distribution suggested that incidences of asthma and AR, but not of AD, had an inverse association with altitude. CONCLUSION: Annual incidences of the 3 major atopic diseases have declined in recent years in almost all age groups, and their epidemiological profile during the life span showed contrasting differences according to age, sex, and ecological association with altitude, mainly regarding AD.