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Estradiol and Dihydrotestosterone Levels in COVID-19 Patients
OBJECTIVE: To determine differences in plasma sex hormone levels in male and female coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients and healthy volunteers (HVs) because cell entry of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 occurs via the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor which is downreg...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. Published by Elsevier Inc.
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9842620/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36872195 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mayocp.2022.12.018 |
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author | MacArthur, Taleen A. Goswami, Julie Ramachandran, Dhanya Price-Troska, Tammy L. Lundell, Kaitlin A. Ballinger, Beth A. Loomis, Erica A. Heller, Stephanie F. Stephens, Daniel Hurt, Ryan T. Salonen, Bradley R. Ganesh, Ravindra Spears, Grant M. Bailey, Kent R. Chaudry, Irshad H. Park, Myung S. |
author_facet | MacArthur, Taleen A. Goswami, Julie Ramachandran, Dhanya Price-Troska, Tammy L. Lundell, Kaitlin A. Ballinger, Beth A. Loomis, Erica A. Heller, Stephanie F. Stephens, Daniel Hurt, Ryan T. Salonen, Bradley R. Ganesh, Ravindra Spears, Grant M. Bailey, Kent R. Chaudry, Irshad H. Park, Myung S. |
author_sort | MacArthur, Taleen A. |
collection | PubMed |
description | OBJECTIVE: To determine differences in plasma sex hormone levels in male and female coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients and healthy volunteers (HVs) because cell entry of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 occurs via the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor which is downregulated by 17β-estradiol. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Citrated plasma samples were collected from 101 patients with COVID-19 upon presentation to the emergency department and from 40 HVs between November 1, 2020, and May 30, 2021. Plasma 17β-estradiol and 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (pg/mL). Data are presented as median and quartiles (IQR). Wilcoxon rank sum test with a P value less than .05 was considered significant. RESULTS: Patients with COVID-19 (median age, 49 years) included 51 males and 50 females (25 postmenopausal). Hospital admission was required for 58.8% of male patients (n = 30) and 48.0% of female patients (n = 24) (66.7% postmenopausal, n = 16) Healthy volunteers (median age, 41 years) included 20 males and 20 females (9 postmenopausal). Female patients with COVID-19 were found to have decreased 17β-estradiol levels (18.5 [IQR, 10.5-32.3] pg/mL; 41.4 [IQR, 15.5-111.0] pg/mL, P=.025), and lower 17β-estradiol to DHT ratios (0.073 [IQR, 0.052-0.159] pg/mL; 0.207 [IQR, 0.104-0.538] pg/mL, P=.015) than female HVs. Male patients with COVID-19 were found to have decreased DHT levels (302.8 [IQR, 249.9-470.8] pg/mL; 457.2 [IQR, 368.7-844.3] pg/mL, P=.005), compared with male HVs. Levels of DHT did not differ between female patients with COVID-19 and female HVs, whereas 17β-estradiol levels did not differ between male patients with COVID-19 and male HVs. CONCLUSION: Sex hormone levels differ between patients with COVID-19 and HVs, with sex-specific patterns of hypogonadism in males and females. These alterations may be associated with disease development and severity. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9842620 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. Published by Elsevier Inc. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-98426202023-01-17 Estradiol and Dihydrotestosterone Levels in COVID-19 Patients MacArthur, Taleen A. Goswami, Julie Ramachandran, Dhanya Price-Troska, Tammy L. Lundell, Kaitlin A. Ballinger, Beth A. Loomis, Erica A. Heller, Stephanie F. Stephens, Daniel Hurt, Ryan T. Salonen, Bradley R. Ganesh, Ravindra Spears, Grant M. Bailey, Kent R. Chaudry, Irshad H. Park, Myung S. Mayo Clin Proc Original Article OBJECTIVE: To determine differences in plasma sex hormone levels in male and female coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients and healthy volunteers (HVs) because cell entry of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 occurs via the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor which is downregulated by 17β-estradiol. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Citrated plasma samples were collected from 101 patients with COVID-19 upon presentation to the emergency department and from 40 HVs between November 1, 2020, and May 30, 2021. Plasma 17β-estradiol and 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (pg/mL). Data are presented as median and quartiles (IQR). Wilcoxon rank sum test with a P value less than .05 was considered significant. RESULTS: Patients with COVID-19 (median age, 49 years) included 51 males and 50 females (25 postmenopausal). Hospital admission was required for 58.8% of male patients (n = 30) and 48.0% of female patients (n = 24) (66.7% postmenopausal, n = 16) Healthy volunteers (median age, 41 years) included 20 males and 20 females (9 postmenopausal). Female patients with COVID-19 were found to have decreased 17β-estradiol levels (18.5 [IQR, 10.5-32.3] pg/mL; 41.4 [IQR, 15.5-111.0] pg/mL, P=.025), and lower 17β-estradiol to DHT ratios (0.073 [IQR, 0.052-0.159] pg/mL; 0.207 [IQR, 0.104-0.538] pg/mL, P=.015) than female HVs. Male patients with COVID-19 were found to have decreased DHT levels (302.8 [IQR, 249.9-470.8] pg/mL; 457.2 [IQR, 368.7-844.3] pg/mL, P=.005), compared with male HVs. Levels of DHT did not differ between female patients with COVID-19 and female HVs, whereas 17β-estradiol levels did not differ between male patients with COVID-19 and male HVs. CONCLUSION: Sex hormone levels differ between patients with COVID-19 and HVs, with sex-specific patterns of hypogonadism in males and females. These alterations may be associated with disease development and severity. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. Published by Elsevier Inc. 2023-04 2023-01-17 /pmc/articles/PMC9842620/ /pubmed/36872195 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mayocp.2022.12.018 Text en © 2023 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active. |
spellingShingle | Original Article MacArthur, Taleen A. Goswami, Julie Ramachandran, Dhanya Price-Troska, Tammy L. Lundell, Kaitlin A. Ballinger, Beth A. Loomis, Erica A. Heller, Stephanie F. Stephens, Daniel Hurt, Ryan T. Salonen, Bradley R. Ganesh, Ravindra Spears, Grant M. Bailey, Kent R. Chaudry, Irshad H. Park, Myung S. Estradiol and Dihydrotestosterone Levels in COVID-19 Patients |
title | Estradiol and Dihydrotestosterone Levels in COVID-19 Patients |
title_full | Estradiol and Dihydrotestosterone Levels in COVID-19 Patients |
title_fullStr | Estradiol and Dihydrotestosterone Levels in COVID-19 Patients |
title_full_unstemmed | Estradiol and Dihydrotestosterone Levels in COVID-19 Patients |
title_short | Estradiol and Dihydrotestosterone Levels in COVID-19 Patients |
title_sort | estradiol and dihydrotestosterone levels in covid-19 patients |
topic | Original Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9842620/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36872195 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mayocp.2022.12.018 |
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