Leveraging electronic logistics management information systems to enhance and optimize supply chain response during public health emergencies: lessons from COVID-19 response in Uganda

BACKGROUND: Health supply chain is crucial for proper functioning of a health system and advancing national and international health security goals. The Coronavirus 2019 pandemic caused major challenges for health supply chain systems in Uganda and globally. OBJECTIVES: This study involved literature review to examine how the electronic logistics management information system and related digital systems were harnessed be best support public health emergencies. METHODS: We describe how the health supply chain system leveraged the emergency Electronic Logistic Management Information System developed during the Ebola epidemic in 2019 to support the COVID-19 response in Uganda. The findings are based on the analysis of reports, guidelines, and discussions with stakeholders involved in implementing the electronic Management Information System during the COVID-19 response. Lessons and experiences are shared on how the system supported data visibility, use and health commodity management. RESULTS: A web-based emergency Electronic Management Information System was developed to support the supply chain system during preparedness and response to the Ebola Virus. The system facilitated coordination, information management and provided real-time data for planning, decision making, and distribution of commodities during the COVID-19 response. To address any human resource challenges, 863 staff were trained and mentored in the use of the system. The system enabled the Ministry of Health to track the distribution of Medical Counter Measures through the warehouses, eight regional pre-positioning centers, and over 2000 user units in 136 district vaccine stores. In addition, the system provided quality data for the quantification and monitoring of commodities at all levels of care. Over 1800 bulk orders were processed through the system. Real time stock status reports were transmitted from all national, regional, district and health facility levels. Procurement tracking reports, stock gap analysis and partner contribution were all accessible and visible in the system. This supported the Ministry of Health’s resource mobilization and coordination efforts. CONCLUSIONS: Availability of reliable, quality real-time data are essential for effective decision making during public health emergencies. The emergency Electronic Logistic Management Information Systems supported health authorities to mount coordinated and effective responses to ensure timely availability of commodities and supplies to support the COVID-19 pandemic response. Lessons learnt from the Ebola epidemic response were translated into actions that enabled effective preparedness and response to the COVID-19 pandemic.