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Maize-soybean intercropping at optimal N fertilization increases the N uptake, N yield and N use efficiency of maize crop by regulating the N assimilatory enzymes
INTRODUCTION: Surplus use of chemical nitrogen (N) fertilizers to increase agricultural Q9 production causes severe problems to the agricultural ecosystem and environment. This is contrary to N use efficiency and sustainable agricultural production. METHODS: Hence, this study was designed to investi...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9846272/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36684768 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.1077948 |
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author | Nasar, Jamal Zhao, Chang Jiang Khan, Rayyan Gul, Hina Gitari, Harun Shao, Zeqiang Abbas, Ghulam Haider, Imran Iqbal, Zafar Ahmed, Waqas Rehman, Raheela Liang, Qing Ping Zhou, Xun Bo Yang, Juan |
author_facet | Nasar, Jamal Zhao, Chang Jiang Khan, Rayyan Gul, Hina Gitari, Harun Shao, Zeqiang Abbas, Ghulam Haider, Imran Iqbal, Zafar Ahmed, Waqas Rehman, Raheela Liang, Qing Ping Zhou, Xun Bo Yang, Juan |
author_sort | Nasar, Jamal |
collection | PubMed |
description | INTRODUCTION: Surplus use of chemical nitrogen (N) fertilizers to increase agricultural Q9 production causes severe problems to the agricultural ecosystem and environment. This is contrary to N use efficiency and sustainable agricultural production. METHODS: Hence, this study was designed to investigate the effect of maizesoybean intercropping on N uptake, N yield, N utilization use efficiency, and the associated nitrogen assimilatory enzymes of maize crops under different N fertilization for two consecutive years 2021-2022. RESULTS: The findings of the study showed that intercropping at the optimal N rate (N1) (250 kg N ha-1) increased significantly maize grain yield by 30 and 34%, residue yield by 30 and 37%, and 100-grain weight by 33 and 39% in the year 2021 and 2022, respectively. As compared with mono-cropping, at this optimal N rate, the respective increase (of maize’s crop N yield indices) for 2021 and 2022 were 53 and 64% for grain N yield, and 53 and 68% for residue N yield. Moreover, intercropping at N1 resulted in higher grain N content by 28 and 31%, residue N content by 18 and 22%, and total N uptake by 65 and 75% in 2021 and 2022, respectively. The values for the land equivalent ratio for nitrogen yield (LERN) were greater than 1 in intercropping, indicating better utilization of N under the intercropping over mono-cropping. Similarly, intercropping increased the N assimilatory enzymes of maize crops such as nitrate reductase (NR) activity by 19 and 25%, nitrite reductase (NiR) activity by 20 and 23%, and glutamate synthase activity (GOGAT) by 23 and 27% in 2021 and 2022, respectively. Consequently, such increases resulted in improved nitrogen use efficiency indices such as N use efficiency (NUE), partial factor nitrogen use efficiency (PFNUE), nitrogen uptake efficiency (NUpE), and nitrogen agronomic efficiency (NAE) under intercropping than mono-cropping. CONCLUSION: Thus, this suggests that maize-soybean intercropping under optimal N fertilization can improve the nitrogen status and nitrogen use efficiency of maize crops by regulating the nitrogen assimilatory enzymes, thereby enhancing its growth and yield. Therefore, prioritizing intercropping over an intensive mono-cropping system could be a better option for sustainable agricultural production. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9846272 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-98462722023-01-19 Maize-soybean intercropping at optimal N fertilization increases the N uptake, N yield and N use efficiency of maize crop by regulating the N assimilatory enzymes Nasar, Jamal Zhao, Chang Jiang Khan, Rayyan Gul, Hina Gitari, Harun Shao, Zeqiang Abbas, Ghulam Haider, Imran Iqbal, Zafar Ahmed, Waqas Rehman, Raheela Liang, Qing Ping Zhou, Xun Bo Yang, Juan Front Plant Sci Plant Science INTRODUCTION: Surplus use of chemical nitrogen (N) fertilizers to increase agricultural Q9 production causes severe problems to the agricultural ecosystem and environment. This is contrary to N use efficiency and sustainable agricultural production. METHODS: Hence, this study was designed to investigate the effect of maizesoybean intercropping on N uptake, N yield, N utilization use efficiency, and the associated nitrogen assimilatory enzymes of maize crops under different N fertilization for two consecutive years 2021-2022. RESULTS: The findings of the study showed that intercropping at the optimal N rate (N1) (250 kg N ha-1) increased significantly maize grain yield by 30 and 34%, residue yield by 30 and 37%, and 100-grain weight by 33 and 39% in the year 2021 and 2022, respectively. As compared with mono-cropping, at this optimal N rate, the respective increase (of maize’s crop N yield indices) for 2021 and 2022 were 53 and 64% for grain N yield, and 53 and 68% for residue N yield. Moreover, intercropping at N1 resulted in higher grain N content by 28 and 31%, residue N content by 18 and 22%, and total N uptake by 65 and 75% in 2021 and 2022, respectively. The values for the land equivalent ratio for nitrogen yield (LERN) were greater than 1 in intercropping, indicating better utilization of N under the intercropping over mono-cropping. Similarly, intercropping increased the N assimilatory enzymes of maize crops such as nitrate reductase (NR) activity by 19 and 25%, nitrite reductase (NiR) activity by 20 and 23%, and glutamate synthase activity (GOGAT) by 23 and 27% in 2021 and 2022, respectively. Consequently, such increases resulted in improved nitrogen use efficiency indices such as N use efficiency (NUE), partial factor nitrogen use efficiency (PFNUE), nitrogen uptake efficiency (NUpE), and nitrogen agronomic efficiency (NAE) under intercropping than mono-cropping. CONCLUSION: Thus, this suggests that maize-soybean intercropping under optimal N fertilization can improve the nitrogen status and nitrogen use efficiency of maize crops by regulating the nitrogen assimilatory enzymes, thereby enhancing its growth and yield. Therefore, prioritizing intercropping over an intensive mono-cropping system could be a better option for sustainable agricultural production. Frontiers Media S.A. 2023-01-04 /pmc/articles/PMC9846272/ /pubmed/36684768 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.1077948 Text en Copyright © 2023 Nasar, Zhao, Khan, Gul, Gitari, Shao, Abbas, Haider, Iqbal, Ahmed, Rehman, Liang, Zhou and Yang https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Plant Science Nasar, Jamal Zhao, Chang Jiang Khan, Rayyan Gul, Hina Gitari, Harun Shao, Zeqiang Abbas, Ghulam Haider, Imran Iqbal, Zafar Ahmed, Waqas Rehman, Raheela Liang, Qing Ping Zhou, Xun Bo Yang, Juan Maize-soybean intercropping at optimal N fertilization increases the N uptake, N yield and N use efficiency of maize crop by regulating the N assimilatory enzymes |
title | Maize-soybean intercropping at optimal N fertilization increases the N uptake, N yield and N use efficiency of maize crop by regulating the N assimilatory enzymes |
title_full | Maize-soybean intercropping at optimal N fertilization increases the N uptake, N yield and N use efficiency of maize crop by regulating the N assimilatory enzymes |
title_fullStr | Maize-soybean intercropping at optimal N fertilization increases the N uptake, N yield and N use efficiency of maize crop by regulating the N assimilatory enzymes |
title_full_unstemmed | Maize-soybean intercropping at optimal N fertilization increases the N uptake, N yield and N use efficiency of maize crop by regulating the N assimilatory enzymes |
title_short | Maize-soybean intercropping at optimal N fertilization increases the N uptake, N yield and N use efficiency of maize crop by regulating the N assimilatory enzymes |
title_sort | maize-soybean intercropping at optimal n fertilization increases the n uptake, n yield and n use efficiency of maize crop by regulating the n assimilatory enzymes |
topic | Plant Science |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9846272/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36684768 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.1077948 |
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