Cargando…
Xenotransplantation: Current Challenges and Emerging Solutions
To address the ongoing shortage of organs available for replacement, xenotransplantation of hearts, corneas, skin, and kidneys has been attempted. However, a major obstacle facing xenotransplants is rejection due to a cycle of immune reactions to the graft. Both adaptive and innate immune systems co...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
SAGE Publications
2023
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9846288/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36644844 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09636897221148771 |
_version_ | 1784871141464080384 |
---|---|
author | Arabi, Tarek Ziad Sabbah, Belal Nedal Lerman, Amir Zhu, Xiang-Yang Lerman, Lilach O. |
author_facet | Arabi, Tarek Ziad Sabbah, Belal Nedal Lerman, Amir Zhu, Xiang-Yang Lerman, Lilach O. |
author_sort | Arabi, Tarek Ziad |
collection | PubMed |
description | To address the ongoing shortage of organs available for replacement, xenotransplantation of hearts, corneas, skin, and kidneys has been attempted. However, a major obstacle facing xenotransplants is rejection due to a cycle of immune reactions to the graft. Both adaptive and innate immune systems contribute to this cycle, in which natural killer cells, macrophages, and T-cells play a significant role. While advancements in the field of genetic editing can circumvent some of these obstacles, biomarkers to identify and predict xenograft rejection remain to be standardized. Several T-cell markers, such as CD3, CD4, and CD8, are useful in both the diagnosis and prediction of xenograft rejection. Furthermore, an increase in the levels of various circulating DNA markers and microRNAs is also predictive of xenograft rejection. In this review, we summarize recent findings on the advancements in xenotransplantation, with a focus on pig-to-human, the role of immunity in xenograft rejection, and its biomarkers. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9846288 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | SAGE Publications |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-98462882023-01-19 Xenotransplantation: Current Challenges and Emerging Solutions Arabi, Tarek Ziad Sabbah, Belal Nedal Lerman, Amir Zhu, Xiang-Yang Lerman, Lilach O. Cell Transplant Review To address the ongoing shortage of organs available for replacement, xenotransplantation of hearts, corneas, skin, and kidneys has been attempted. However, a major obstacle facing xenotransplants is rejection due to a cycle of immune reactions to the graft. Both adaptive and innate immune systems contribute to this cycle, in which natural killer cells, macrophages, and T-cells play a significant role. While advancements in the field of genetic editing can circumvent some of these obstacles, biomarkers to identify and predict xenograft rejection remain to be standardized. Several T-cell markers, such as CD3, CD4, and CD8, are useful in both the diagnosis and prediction of xenograft rejection. Furthermore, an increase in the levels of various circulating DNA markers and microRNAs is also predictive of xenograft rejection. In this review, we summarize recent findings on the advancements in xenotransplantation, with a focus on pig-to-human, the role of immunity in xenograft rejection, and its biomarkers. SAGE Publications 2023-01-16 /pmc/articles/PMC9846288/ /pubmed/36644844 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09636897221148771 Text en © The Author(s) 2023 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage). |
spellingShingle | Review Arabi, Tarek Ziad Sabbah, Belal Nedal Lerman, Amir Zhu, Xiang-Yang Lerman, Lilach O. Xenotransplantation: Current Challenges and Emerging Solutions |
title | Xenotransplantation: Current Challenges and Emerging
Solutions |
title_full | Xenotransplantation: Current Challenges and Emerging
Solutions |
title_fullStr | Xenotransplantation: Current Challenges and Emerging
Solutions |
title_full_unstemmed | Xenotransplantation: Current Challenges and Emerging
Solutions |
title_short | Xenotransplantation: Current Challenges and Emerging
Solutions |
title_sort | xenotransplantation: current challenges and emerging
solutions |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9846288/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36644844 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09636897221148771 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT arabitarekziad xenotransplantationcurrentchallengesandemergingsolutions AT sabbahbelalnedal xenotransplantationcurrentchallengesandemergingsolutions AT lermanamir xenotransplantationcurrentchallengesandemergingsolutions AT zhuxiangyang xenotransplantationcurrentchallengesandemergingsolutions AT lermanlilacho xenotransplantationcurrentchallengesandemergingsolutions |