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Disparities in SARS-CoV-2 Infection by Race, Ethnicity, Language, and Social Vulnerability: Evidence from a Citywide Seroprevalence Study in Massachusetts, USA
OBJECTIVES: Uncovering and addressing disparities in infectious disease outbreaks require a rapid, methodical understanding of local epidemiology. We conducted a seroprevalence study of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Holyoke, Massachusetts, a majority Hispanic city with high levels of socio-economic disadv...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Springer International Publishing
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9847437/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36652163 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40615-022-01502-4 |
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author | Matias, Wilfredo R. Fulcher, Isabel R. Sauer, Sara M. Nolan, Cody P. Guillaume, Yodeline Zhu, Jack Molano, Francisco J. Uceta, Elizabeth Collins, Shannon Slater, Damien M. Sánchez, Vanessa M. Moheed, Serina Harris, Jason B. Charles, Richelle C. Paxton, Ryan M. Gonsalves, Sean F. Franke, Molly F. Ivers, Louise C. |
author_facet | Matias, Wilfredo R. Fulcher, Isabel R. Sauer, Sara M. Nolan, Cody P. Guillaume, Yodeline Zhu, Jack Molano, Francisco J. Uceta, Elizabeth Collins, Shannon Slater, Damien M. Sánchez, Vanessa M. Moheed, Serina Harris, Jason B. Charles, Richelle C. Paxton, Ryan M. Gonsalves, Sean F. Franke, Molly F. Ivers, Louise C. |
author_sort | Matias, Wilfredo R. |
collection | PubMed |
description | OBJECTIVES: Uncovering and addressing disparities in infectious disease outbreaks require a rapid, methodical understanding of local epidemiology. We conducted a seroprevalence study of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Holyoke, Massachusetts, a majority Hispanic city with high levels of socio-economic disadvantage to estimate seroprevalence and identify disparities in SARS-CoV-2 infection. METHODS: We invited 2000 randomly sampled households between 11/5/2020 and 12/31/2020 to complete questionnaires and provide dried blood spots for SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing. We calculated seroprevalence based on the presence of IgG antibodies using a weighted Bayesian procedure that incorporated uncertainty in antibody test sensitivity and specificity and accounted for household clustering. RESULTS: Two hundred eighty households including 472 individuals were enrolled. Three hundred twenty-eight individuals underwent antibody testing. Citywide seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 IgG was 13.1% (95% CI 6.9–22.3) compared to 9.8% of the population infected based on publicly reported cases. Seroprevalence was 16.1% (95% CI 6.2–31.8) among Hispanic individuals compared to 9.4% (95% CI 4.6–16.4) among non-Hispanic white individuals. Seroprevalence was higher among Spanish-speaking households (21.9%; 95% CI 8.3–43.9) compared to English-speaking households (10.2%; 95% CI 5.2–18.0) and among individuals in high social vulnerability index (SVI) areas based on the CDC SVI (14.4%; 95% CI 7.1–25.5) compared to low SVI areas (8.2%; 95% CI 3.1–16.9). CONCLUSIONS: The SARS-CoV-2 IgG seroprevalence in a city with high levels of social vulnerability was 13.1% during the pre-vaccination period of the COVID-19 pandemic. Hispanic individuals and individuals in communities characterized by high SVI were at the highest risk of infection. Public health interventions should be designed to ensure that individuals in high social vulnerability communities have access to the tools to combat COVID-19. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40615-022-01502-4. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9847437 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | Springer International Publishing |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-98474372023-01-18 Disparities in SARS-CoV-2 Infection by Race, Ethnicity, Language, and Social Vulnerability: Evidence from a Citywide Seroprevalence Study in Massachusetts, USA Matias, Wilfredo R. Fulcher, Isabel R. Sauer, Sara M. Nolan, Cody P. Guillaume, Yodeline Zhu, Jack Molano, Francisco J. Uceta, Elizabeth Collins, Shannon Slater, Damien M. Sánchez, Vanessa M. Moheed, Serina Harris, Jason B. Charles, Richelle C. Paxton, Ryan M. Gonsalves, Sean F. Franke, Molly F. Ivers, Louise C. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities Article OBJECTIVES: Uncovering and addressing disparities in infectious disease outbreaks require a rapid, methodical understanding of local epidemiology. We conducted a seroprevalence study of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Holyoke, Massachusetts, a majority Hispanic city with high levels of socio-economic disadvantage to estimate seroprevalence and identify disparities in SARS-CoV-2 infection. METHODS: We invited 2000 randomly sampled households between 11/5/2020 and 12/31/2020 to complete questionnaires and provide dried blood spots for SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing. We calculated seroprevalence based on the presence of IgG antibodies using a weighted Bayesian procedure that incorporated uncertainty in antibody test sensitivity and specificity and accounted for household clustering. RESULTS: Two hundred eighty households including 472 individuals were enrolled. Three hundred twenty-eight individuals underwent antibody testing. Citywide seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 IgG was 13.1% (95% CI 6.9–22.3) compared to 9.8% of the population infected based on publicly reported cases. Seroprevalence was 16.1% (95% CI 6.2–31.8) among Hispanic individuals compared to 9.4% (95% CI 4.6–16.4) among non-Hispanic white individuals. Seroprevalence was higher among Spanish-speaking households (21.9%; 95% CI 8.3–43.9) compared to English-speaking households (10.2%; 95% CI 5.2–18.0) and among individuals in high social vulnerability index (SVI) areas based on the CDC SVI (14.4%; 95% CI 7.1–25.5) compared to low SVI areas (8.2%; 95% CI 3.1–16.9). CONCLUSIONS: The SARS-CoV-2 IgG seroprevalence in a city with high levels of social vulnerability was 13.1% during the pre-vaccination period of the COVID-19 pandemic. Hispanic individuals and individuals in communities characterized by high SVI were at the highest risk of infection. Public health interventions should be designed to ensure that individuals in high social vulnerability communities have access to the tools to combat COVID-19. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40615-022-01502-4. Springer International Publishing 2023-01-18 /pmc/articles/PMC9847437/ /pubmed/36652163 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40615-022-01502-4 Text en © The Author(s) 2023 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . |
spellingShingle | Article Matias, Wilfredo R. Fulcher, Isabel R. Sauer, Sara M. Nolan, Cody P. Guillaume, Yodeline Zhu, Jack Molano, Francisco J. Uceta, Elizabeth Collins, Shannon Slater, Damien M. Sánchez, Vanessa M. Moheed, Serina Harris, Jason B. Charles, Richelle C. Paxton, Ryan M. Gonsalves, Sean F. Franke, Molly F. Ivers, Louise C. Disparities in SARS-CoV-2 Infection by Race, Ethnicity, Language, and Social Vulnerability: Evidence from a Citywide Seroprevalence Study in Massachusetts, USA |
title | Disparities in SARS-CoV-2 Infection by Race, Ethnicity, Language, and Social Vulnerability: Evidence from a Citywide Seroprevalence Study in Massachusetts, USA |
title_full | Disparities in SARS-CoV-2 Infection by Race, Ethnicity, Language, and Social Vulnerability: Evidence from a Citywide Seroprevalence Study in Massachusetts, USA |
title_fullStr | Disparities in SARS-CoV-2 Infection by Race, Ethnicity, Language, and Social Vulnerability: Evidence from a Citywide Seroprevalence Study in Massachusetts, USA |
title_full_unstemmed | Disparities in SARS-CoV-2 Infection by Race, Ethnicity, Language, and Social Vulnerability: Evidence from a Citywide Seroprevalence Study in Massachusetts, USA |
title_short | Disparities in SARS-CoV-2 Infection by Race, Ethnicity, Language, and Social Vulnerability: Evidence from a Citywide Seroprevalence Study in Massachusetts, USA |
title_sort | disparities in sars-cov-2 infection by race, ethnicity, language, and social vulnerability: evidence from a citywide seroprevalence study in massachusetts, usa |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9847437/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36652163 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40615-022-01502-4 |
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