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The emerging role of TET enzymes in the immune microenvironment at the maternal-fetal interface during decidualization and early pregnancy
A dysregulated immune microenvironment at the maternal-fetal interface in early pregnancy may lead to early pregnancy loss, fetal growth restriction, and preeclampsia. However, major questions about how epigenetic modifications regulate the immune microenvironment during the decidualization process...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9850229/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36685517 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.1066599 |
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author | Jin, Mengmeng Ji, Jianxiong Chen, Xi Zhou, Ying Wang, Dimin Liu, Aixia |
author_facet | Jin, Mengmeng Ji, Jianxiong Chen, Xi Zhou, Ying Wang, Dimin Liu, Aixia |
author_sort | Jin, Mengmeng |
collection | PubMed |
description | A dysregulated immune microenvironment at the maternal-fetal interface in early pregnancy may lead to early pregnancy loss, fetal growth restriction, and preeclampsia. However, major questions about how epigenetic modifications regulate the immune microenvironment during the decidualization process and embryo implantation remain unanswered. DNA methylation, the main epigenetic mechanism involved in the endometrial cycle, is crucial for specific transcriptional networks associated with endometrial stromal cell (ESC) proliferation, hormone response, decidualization, and embryo implantation. Ten-eleven translocation (TET) enzymes, responsible for catalyzing the conversion of 5-methylcytosine to 5-hydroxymethylcyosine, 5-formylytosine, and 5-carboxylcyosine to achieve the DNA demethylation process, appear to play a critical role in decidualization and embryo implantation. Here, we provide a comprehensive view of their structural similarities and the common mechanism of regulation in the microenvironment at the maternal-fetal interface during decidualization and early pregnancy. We also discuss their physiological role in the decidual immune microenvironment. Finally, we propose a key hypothesis regarding TET enzymes at the maternal-fetal interface between decidual immune cells and ESCs. Future work is needed to elucidate their functional role and examine therapeutic strategies targeting these enzymes in pregnancy-related disease preclinical models, which would be of great value for future implications in disease diagnosis or treatment. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9850229 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-98502292023-01-20 The emerging role of TET enzymes in the immune microenvironment at the maternal-fetal interface during decidualization and early pregnancy Jin, Mengmeng Ji, Jianxiong Chen, Xi Zhou, Ying Wang, Dimin Liu, Aixia Front Immunol Immunology A dysregulated immune microenvironment at the maternal-fetal interface in early pregnancy may lead to early pregnancy loss, fetal growth restriction, and preeclampsia. However, major questions about how epigenetic modifications regulate the immune microenvironment during the decidualization process and embryo implantation remain unanswered. DNA methylation, the main epigenetic mechanism involved in the endometrial cycle, is crucial for specific transcriptional networks associated with endometrial stromal cell (ESC) proliferation, hormone response, decidualization, and embryo implantation. Ten-eleven translocation (TET) enzymes, responsible for catalyzing the conversion of 5-methylcytosine to 5-hydroxymethylcyosine, 5-formylytosine, and 5-carboxylcyosine to achieve the DNA demethylation process, appear to play a critical role in decidualization and embryo implantation. Here, we provide a comprehensive view of their structural similarities and the common mechanism of regulation in the microenvironment at the maternal-fetal interface during decidualization and early pregnancy. We also discuss their physiological role in the decidual immune microenvironment. Finally, we propose a key hypothesis regarding TET enzymes at the maternal-fetal interface between decidual immune cells and ESCs. Future work is needed to elucidate their functional role and examine therapeutic strategies targeting these enzymes in pregnancy-related disease preclinical models, which would be of great value for future implications in disease diagnosis or treatment. Frontiers Media S.A. 2023-01-05 /pmc/articles/PMC9850229/ /pubmed/36685517 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.1066599 Text en Copyright © 2023 Jin, Ji, Chen, Zhou, Wang and Liu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Immunology Jin, Mengmeng Ji, Jianxiong Chen, Xi Zhou, Ying Wang, Dimin Liu, Aixia The emerging role of TET enzymes in the immune microenvironment at the maternal-fetal interface during decidualization and early pregnancy |
title | The emerging role of TET enzymes in the immune microenvironment at the maternal-fetal interface during decidualization and early pregnancy |
title_full | The emerging role of TET enzymes in the immune microenvironment at the maternal-fetal interface during decidualization and early pregnancy |
title_fullStr | The emerging role of TET enzymes in the immune microenvironment at the maternal-fetal interface during decidualization and early pregnancy |
title_full_unstemmed | The emerging role of TET enzymes in the immune microenvironment at the maternal-fetal interface during decidualization and early pregnancy |
title_short | The emerging role of TET enzymes in the immune microenvironment at the maternal-fetal interface during decidualization and early pregnancy |
title_sort | emerging role of tet enzymes in the immune microenvironment at the maternal-fetal interface during decidualization and early pregnancy |
topic | Immunology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9850229/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36685517 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.1066599 |
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