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In vitro and in vivo anthelmintic and chemical studies of Cyperus rotundus L. extracts
BACKGROUND: Trichinellosis, a zoonosis caused by the genus Trichinella, is a widespread foodborne disease. Albendazole, one of the benzimidazole derivatives, is used for treating human trichinellosis, but with limited efficacy in killing the encysted larvae and numerous adverse effects. Cyperus rotu...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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BioMed Central
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9850539/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36658562 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12906-023-03839-7 |
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author | El-Wakil, Eman S. Shaker, Shimaa Aboushousha, Tarek Abdel-Hameed, El-Sayed S. Osman, Ezzat E. A. |
author_facet | El-Wakil, Eman S. Shaker, Shimaa Aboushousha, Tarek Abdel-Hameed, El-Sayed S. Osman, Ezzat E. A. |
author_sort | El-Wakil, Eman S. |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Trichinellosis, a zoonosis caused by the genus Trichinella, is a widespread foodborne disease. Albendazole, one of the benzimidazole derivatives, is used for treating human trichinellosis, but with limited efficacy in killing the encysted larvae and numerous adverse effects. Cyperus rotundus L. is a herbal plant with a wide range of medicinal uses, including antiparasitic, and is frequently used in traditional medicine to treat various illnesses. METHODS: LC-ESI-MS was used to identify the active phytoconstituents in the methanol extract (MeOH ext.) of the aerial parts of C. rotundus and its derivate fractions ethyl acetate (EtOAc fr.), petroleum ether (pet-ether fr.), and normal butanol (n-BuOH fr.). The in vivo therapeutic effects of C. rotundus fractions of the extracts were evaluated using the fraction that showed the most promising effect after detecting their in vitro anti-Trichinella spiralis potential. RESULTS: C. rotundus extracts are rich in different phytochemicals, and the LC-ESI-MS of the 90% methanol extract identified 26 phenolic compounds classified as phenolic acids, flavonoids, and organic acids. The in vitro studies showed that C. rotundus extracts had a lethal effect on T. spiralis adults, and the LC(50) were 156.12 µg/ml, 294.67 µg/ml, 82.09 µg/ml, and 73.16 µg/ml in 90% MeOH ext., EtOAc fr., pet-ether fr. and n-BuOH fr., respectively. The n-BuOH fr. was shown to have the most promising effects in the in vitro studies, which was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. The in vivo effects of n-BuOH fr. alone and in combination with albendazole using a mouse model were evaluated by counting adults in the small intestine and larvae in the muscles, in addition to the histopathological changes in the small intestine and the muscles. In the treated groups, there was a significant decrease in the number of adults and larvae compared to the control group. Histopathologically, treated groups showed a remarkable improvement in the small intestine and muscle changes. Remarkably, maximal therapeutic effects were detected in the combination therapy compared to each monotherapy. CONCLUSION: Accordingly, C. rotundus extracts may have anti-T. spiralis potential, particularly when combined with albendazole, and they may be used as synergistic to anti-T. spiralis medication therapy. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12906-023-03839-7. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9850539 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-98505392023-01-20 In vitro and in vivo anthelmintic and chemical studies of Cyperus rotundus L. extracts El-Wakil, Eman S. Shaker, Shimaa Aboushousha, Tarek Abdel-Hameed, El-Sayed S. Osman, Ezzat E. A. BMC Complement Med Ther Research BACKGROUND: Trichinellosis, a zoonosis caused by the genus Trichinella, is a widespread foodborne disease. Albendazole, one of the benzimidazole derivatives, is used for treating human trichinellosis, but with limited efficacy in killing the encysted larvae and numerous adverse effects. Cyperus rotundus L. is a herbal plant with a wide range of medicinal uses, including antiparasitic, and is frequently used in traditional medicine to treat various illnesses. METHODS: LC-ESI-MS was used to identify the active phytoconstituents in the methanol extract (MeOH ext.) of the aerial parts of C. rotundus and its derivate fractions ethyl acetate (EtOAc fr.), petroleum ether (pet-ether fr.), and normal butanol (n-BuOH fr.). The in vivo therapeutic effects of C. rotundus fractions of the extracts were evaluated using the fraction that showed the most promising effect after detecting their in vitro anti-Trichinella spiralis potential. RESULTS: C. rotundus extracts are rich in different phytochemicals, and the LC-ESI-MS of the 90% methanol extract identified 26 phenolic compounds classified as phenolic acids, flavonoids, and organic acids. The in vitro studies showed that C. rotundus extracts had a lethal effect on T. spiralis adults, and the LC(50) were 156.12 µg/ml, 294.67 µg/ml, 82.09 µg/ml, and 73.16 µg/ml in 90% MeOH ext., EtOAc fr., pet-ether fr. and n-BuOH fr., respectively. The n-BuOH fr. was shown to have the most promising effects in the in vitro studies, which was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. The in vivo effects of n-BuOH fr. alone and in combination with albendazole using a mouse model were evaluated by counting adults in the small intestine and larvae in the muscles, in addition to the histopathological changes in the small intestine and the muscles. In the treated groups, there was a significant decrease in the number of adults and larvae compared to the control group. Histopathologically, treated groups showed a remarkable improvement in the small intestine and muscle changes. Remarkably, maximal therapeutic effects were detected in the combination therapy compared to each monotherapy. CONCLUSION: Accordingly, C. rotundus extracts may have anti-T. spiralis potential, particularly when combined with albendazole, and they may be used as synergistic to anti-T. spiralis medication therapy. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12906-023-03839-7. BioMed Central 2023-01-19 /pmc/articles/PMC9850539/ /pubmed/36658562 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12906-023-03839-7 Text en © The Author(s) 2023 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. |
spellingShingle | Research El-Wakil, Eman S. Shaker, Shimaa Aboushousha, Tarek Abdel-Hameed, El-Sayed S. Osman, Ezzat E. A. In vitro and in vivo anthelmintic and chemical studies of Cyperus rotundus L. extracts |
title | In vitro and in vivo anthelmintic and chemical studies of Cyperus rotundus L. extracts |
title_full | In vitro and in vivo anthelmintic and chemical studies of Cyperus rotundus L. extracts |
title_fullStr | In vitro and in vivo anthelmintic and chemical studies of Cyperus rotundus L. extracts |
title_full_unstemmed | In vitro and in vivo anthelmintic and chemical studies of Cyperus rotundus L. extracts |
title_short | In vitro and in vivo anthelmintic and chemical studies of Cyperus rotundus L. extracts |
title_sort | in vitro and in vivo anthelmintic and chemical studies of cyperus rotundus l. extracts |
topic | Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9850539/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36658562 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12906-023-03839-7 |
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