Development of a Novel Mild Depolymerization Method of Coal by Combining Oxygen Oxidation and Formic Acid Reduction Reactions

[Image: see text] Depolymerization of coal increases the tar yield in coal pyrolysis and enhances the thermoplasticity of the coal, which makes coal more favorable for producing coke and other value-added products like graphite electrodes, carbon fiber, aromatic chemicals, etc. In this study, the authors have proposed a novel coal depolymerization method that combines the oxidation reactions by molecular oxygen and the following reduction reactions by the coexisting gaseous formic acid to upgrade a bituminous coal at 90–150 °C under atmospheric pressure. The softening and melting performance of the treated coals was enhanced when oxygen and formic acid coexisted in gas phase at 90–130 °C. The amount of low-molecular-weight compounds in the coal treated at 90 °C in air containing formic acid vapor significantly increased by 29.0% of the amount of low-molecular-weight compounds in the raw coal measured by the solvent extraction method. Thus, the authors have succeeded in depolymerizing coal by the treatment under mild conditions, which is expected to contribute to coal’s efficient utilization such as increasing the coal extracts and tar yield in the extraction and pyrolysis process, upgrading coal to be more suitable for the raw materials of coke, etc.