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Impact of human coronavirus infections on paediatric patients at a tertiary paediatric hospital: a retrospective study of the prepandemic era

BACKGROUND: Human coronaviruses (HCoVs) are important respiratory pathogens in humans and animals. Most HCoVs are emerging pathogens, with five known human pathogens identified in the last two decades. AIM: To examine the clinical course of HCoV infection in children to improve understanding of seve...

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Autores principales: Alsulami, A.O., Chahine, R., Kong, M., Kimberlin, D.W., Whitley, R.J., James, S.H.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: The Healthcare Infection Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9850843/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36682627
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhin.2022.12.021
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author Alsulami, A.O.
Chahine, R.
Kong, M.
Kimberlin, D.W.
Whitley, R.J.
James, S.H.
author_facet Alsulami, A.O.
Chahine, R.
Kong, M.
Kimberlin, D.W.
Whitley, R.J.
James, S.H.
author_sort Alsulami, A.O.
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Human coronaviruses (HCoVs) are important respiratory pathogens in humans and animals. Most HCoVs are emerging pathogens, with five known human pathogens identified in the last two decades. AIM: To examine the clinical course of HCoV infection in children to improve understanding of severity and outcomes. METHODS: A retrospective review was undertaken of all encounters of children with known HCoV infection at a tertiary paediatric hospital from January 2015 to January 2018. Electronic medical records were reviewed for demographic data, HCoV type, viral co-pathogens, time to testing, need for hospitalization, requirement for higher-level care (HLC) including intensive care unit management and requirement for oxygen support, radiographic findings suggestive of lower respiratory tract (LRT) disease, and length of stay (LOS). FINDINGS: In total, 450 encounters for 430 different patients were identified, with the majority (85%) being inpatient. OC43 was the most common HCoV. Younger patients (age <5 years) had higher probability of hospitalization [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 2.2, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.2–4.1], requirement for HLC (aOR 1.8, 95% CI 1.0–3.1) and presence of LRT findings on chest radiographs (aOR 1.7, 95% CI 1.01–2.9). Clinical outcomes did not differ between HCoV types, except LOS which was longer for 229E. Fifty-two (11%) encounters were detected after 3 days of hospitalization (median 25.5 days), suggesting possible nosocomial infection. CONCLUSION: HCoVs are important respiratory pathogens in the paediatric population, especially among patients aged <5 years who are at increased risk for severe disease. The role of HCoVs as hospital-acquired pathogens may be underappreciated.
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spelling pubmed-98508432023-01-20 Impact of human coronavirus infections on paediatric patients at a tertiary paediatric hospital: a retrospective study of the prepandemic era Alsulami, A.O. Chahine, R. Kong, M. Kimberlin, D.W. Whitley, R.J. James, S.H. J Hosp Infect Article BACKGROUND: Human coronaviruses (HCoVs) are important respiratory pathogens in humans and animals. Most HCoVs are emerging pathogens, with five known human pathogens identified in the last two decades. AIM: To examine the clinical course of HCoV infection in children to improve understanding of severity and outcomes. METHODS: A retrospective review was undertaken of all encounters of children with known HCoV infection at a tertiary paediatric hospital from January 2015 to January 2018. Electronic medical records were reviewed for demographic data, HCoV type, viral co-pathogens, time to testing, need for hospitalization, requirement for higher-level care (HLC) including intensive care unit management and requirement for oxygen support, radiographic findings suggestive of lower respiratory tract (LRT) disease, and length of stay (LOS). FINDINGS: In total, 450 encounters for 430 different patients were identified, with the majority (85%) being inpatient. OC43 was the most common HCoV. Younger patients (age <5 years) had higher probability of hospitalization [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 2.2, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.2–4.1], requirement for HLC (aOR 1.8, 95% CI 1.0–3.1) and presence of LRT findings on chest radiographs (aOR 1.7, 95% CI 1.01–2.9). Clinical outcomes did not differ between HCoV types, except LOS which was longer for 229E. Fifty-two (11%) encounters were detected after 3 days of hospitalization (median 25.5 days), suggesting possible nosocomial infection. CONCLUSION: HCoVs are important respiratory pathogens in the paediatric population, especially among patients aged <5 years who are at increased risk for severe disease. The role of HCoVs as hospital-acquired pathogens may be underappreciated. The Healthcare Infection Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. 2023-04 2023-01-19 /pmc/articles/PMC9850843/ /pubmed/36682627 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhin.2022.12.021 Text en © 2023 The Healthcare Infection Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.
spellingShingle Article
Alsulami, A.O.
Chahine, R.
Kong, M.
Kimberlin, D.W.
Whitley, R.J.
James, S.H.
Impact of human coronavirus infections on paediatric patients at a tertiary paediatric hospital: a retrospective study of the prepandemic era
title Impact of human coronavirus infections on paediatric patients at a tertiary paediatric hospital: a retrospective study of the prepandemic era
title_full Impact of human coronavirus infections on paediatric patients at a tertiary paediatric hospital: a retrospective study of the prepandemic era
title_fullStr Impact of human coronavirus infections on paediatric patients at a tertiary paediatric hospital: a retrospective study of the prepandemic era
title_full_unstemmed Impact of human coronavirus infections on paediatric patients at a tertiary paediatric hospital: a retrospective study of the prepandemic era
title_short Impact of human coronavirus infections on paediatric patients at a tertiary paediatric hospital: a retrospective study of the prepandemic era
title_sort impact of human coronavirus infections on paediatric patients at a tertiary paediatric hospital: a retrospective study of the prepandemic era
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9850843/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36682627
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhin.2022.12.021
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