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A Study of Rhino-Orbito-Cerebral Mucormycosis with COVID-19: A New Challenge in North West of Rajasthan

BACKGROUND: Mucormycosis is a life-threatening fungal disease in immunocompromised patients. There has been increase in the number of mucormycosis associated with COVID-19 patients in second wave. Now country battle with both COVID-19 and mucormycosis. An invasive mucormycosis infection has been a s...

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Autores principales: Kumar, Surendra, Kumar, Harish, Mali, Manoj, Meena, Babu Lal
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Wolters Kluwer - Medknow 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9850881/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36412339
http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/aam.aam_129_21
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author Kumar, Surendra
Kumar, Harish
Mali, Manoj
Meena, Babu Lal
author_facet Kumar, Surendra
Kumar, Harish
Mali, Manoj
Meena, Babu Lal
author_sort Kumar, Surendra
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Mucormycosis is a life-threatening fungal disease in immunocompromised patients. There has been increase in the number of mucormycosis associated with COVID-19 patients in second wave. Now country battle with both COVID-19 and mucormycosis. An invasive mucormycosis infection has been a significant burden in India after COVID-19. It has been recently emerged a notifiable disease by the Rajasthan government. Our aim is to develop awareness regarding the importance of early detection and treatment of mucormycosis with COVID-19 and reduce the morbidity and mortality. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a Prospective longitudinal study including 34 patients diagnosed with acute invasive fungal infection by contrast enhancement magnetic resonance imaging studies of paranasal, orbit and brain or nasal biopsy for KOH/culture. Diagnosis is made through routine blood tests, biopsy, and radiological imaging. The patients taken for the study were COVID-19 reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction positive or recent post COVID-19 (within 15 days) or symptoms of COVID-19 with bilateral pneumonitis. The study was conducted with 34 patients admitted to the department of medicine with mucormycosis within a month may 2021. RESULTS: A total of 34 patients with a mean age of 50.92 years old and male female ratio 24/10 (70.5/29.41) were included in this study. The most common comorbidity was diabetes mellitus (23 patients 67.64%). Nine patients were newly diagnosed or recent onset of diabetes with or after COVID-19 infection. Twenty-four (70.58%) patients were COVID-19 positive or recent (within 15 days) history of COVID-19 positive. Seven (20.58) patients had the history of steroid as a treatment during COVID-19 and 5 (14.70) patients was on oxygen inhalation. One (2.94%) patient was fully vaccinated, and 5 (14.70) patients had the history of steam inhalation. The most common involvement was naso-orbital mucormycosis found in 28 patients (82.35%) followed by nasal-and orbital 26 (76.47) and 18 (52.94), respectively. Naso-Orbito-Cerebral was seen in 16 (47.05) patients. The more common reported symptoms and signs were headache (76.47), facial numbness (64.70), Nasal discharge (52.94), and ophthalmoplegia (52.94). Cranial nerve involvement was seen in 10 patients (facial palsy in 8 patients and bulbar palsy in 2 patients). Total mortality was 7 (7/34 20.58%). CONCLUSION: COVID-19 infection associated with the wide range of invasive mucormycosis. Early diagnosis and Clinical suspicion of acute invasive fungal sinusitis among COVID-19 patients is essential for better outcomes and higher survival.
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spelling pubmed-98508812023-01-20 A Study of Rhino-Orbito-Cerebral Mucormycosis with COVID-19: A New Challenge in North West of Rajasthan Kumar, Surendra Kumar, Harish Mali, Manoj Meena, Babu Lal Ann Afr Med Original Article BACKGROUND: Mucormycosis is a life-threatening fungal disease in immunocompromised patients. There has been increase in the number of mucormycosis associated with COVID-19 patients in second wave. Now country battle with both COVID-19 and mucormycosis. An invasive mucormycosis infection has been a significant burden in India after COVID-19. It has been recently emerged a notifiable disease by the Rajasthan government. Our aim is to develop awareness regarding the importance of early detection and treatment of mucormycosis with COVID-19 and reduce the morbidity and mortality. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a Prospective longitudinal study including 34 patients diagnosed with acute invasive fungal infection by contrast enhancement magnetic resonance imaging studies of paranasal, orbit and brain or nasal biopsy for KOH/culture. Diagnosis is made through routine blood tests, biopsy, and radiological imaging. The patients taken for the study were COVID-19 reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction positive or recent post COVID-19 (within 15 days) or symptoms of COVID-19 with bilateral pneumonitis. The study was conducted with 34 patients admitted to the department of medicine with mucormycosis within a month may 2021. RESULTS: A total of 34 patients with a mean age of 50.92 years old and male female ratio 24/10 (70.5/29.41) were included in this study. The most common comorbidity was diabetes mellitus (23 patients 67.64%). Nine patients were newly diagnosed or recent onset of diabetes with or after COVID-19 infection. Twenty-four (70.58%) patients were COVID-19 positive or recent (within 15 days) history of COVID-19 positive. Seven (20.58) patients had the history of steroid as a treatment during COVID-19 and 5 (14.70) patients was on oxygen inhalation. One (2.94%) patient was fully vaccinated, and 5 (14.70) patients had the history of steam inhalation. The most common involvement was naso-orbital mucormycosis found in 28 patients (82.35%) followed by nasal-and orbital 26 (76.47) and 18 (52.94), respectively. Naso-Orbito-Cerebral was seen in 16 (47.05) patients. The more common reported symptoms and signs were headache (76.47), facial numbness (64.70), Nasal discharge (52.94), and ophthalmoplegia (52.94). Cranial nerve involvement was seen in 10 patients (facial palsy in 8 patients and bulbar palsy in 2 patients). Total mortality was 7 (7/34 20.58%). CONCLUSION: COVID-19 infection associated with the wide range of invasive mucormycosis. Early diagnosis and Clinical suspicion of acute invasive fungal sinusitis among COVID-19 patients is essential for better outcomes and higher survival. Wolters Kluwer - Medknow 2022 2022-11-16 /pmc/articles/PMC9850881/ /pubmed/36412339 http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/aam.aam_129_21 Text en Copyright: © 2022 Annals of African Medicine https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/This is an open access journal, and articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as appropriate credit is given and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.
spellingShingle Original Article
Kumar, Surendra
Kumar, Harish
Mali, Manoj
Meena, Babu Lal
A Study of Rhino-Orbito-Cerebral Mucormycosis with COVID-19: A New Challenge in North West of Rajasthan
title A Study of Rhino-Orbito-Cerebral Mucormycosis with COVID-19: A New Challenge in North West of Rajasthan
title_full A Study of Rhino-Orbito-Cerebral Mucormycosis with COVID-19: A New Challenge in North West of Rajasthan
title_fullStr A Study of Rhino-Orbito-Cerebral Mucormycosis with COVID-19: A New Challenge in North West of Rajasthan
title_full_unstemmed A Study of Rhino-Orbito-Cerebral Mucormycosis with COVID-19: A New Challenge in North West of Rajasthan
title_short A Study of Rhino-Orbito-Cerebral Mucormycosis with COVID-19: A New Challenge in North West of Rajasthan
title_sort study of rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis with covid-19: a new challenge in north west of rajasthan
topic Original Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9850881/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36412339
http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/aam.aam_129_21
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