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External focus of attention enhances arm velocities during volleyball spike in young female players

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different volleyball-specific attentional focus instructions on arm velocities of a volleyball spike in young female volleyball players using the Statistical Parametric Mapping method. Twelve young female volleyball players (13.6 ± 0.6 years old...

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Autores principales: Slovák, Lukáš, Sarvestan, Javad, Iwatsuki, Takehiro, Zahradník, David, Land, William M., Abdollahipour, Reza
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9851077/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36687905
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1041871
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author Slovák, Lukáš
Sarvestan, Javad
Iwatsuki, Takehiro
Zahradník, David
Land, William M.
Abdollahipour, Reza
author_facet Slovák, Lukáš
Sarvestan, Javad
Iwatsuki, Takehiro
Zahradník, David
Land, William M.
Abdollahipour, Reza
author_sort Slovák, Lukáš
collection PubMed
description The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different volleyball-specific attentional focus instructions on arm velocities of a volleyball spike in young female volleyball players using the Statistical Parametric Mapping method. Twelve young female volleyball players (13.6 ± 0.6 years old, 1.8 ± 0.8 years of experience in volleyball training) were asked to perform a volleyball spike in a standing position in three different attentional focus conditions including internal focus (IF, i.e., pull back your elbow prior to transfer momentum), external focus, (EF, i.e., imagine cracking a whip to transfer momentum), and control (CON, i.e., no-focus instruction). A Qualisys 3D motion capture-system was used to track reflective markers attached to the arm, forearm, and hand. Consequently, four phases of the volleyball spike including wind-up, cocking, acceleration, and follow-through were analyzed. A one-way repeated-measure ANOVA using one-dimensional statistical parametric mapping (SPM1d) showed that players achieved greater velocities in the hand (p < 0.01), forearm (p < 0.01), and arm (p < 0.01) using the EF instructions from the start of the wind-up phase to the acceleration phase. Post-hoc (SPM1d-t-tests-paired) analyses indicated significantly greater arm, forearm, and hand velocities during the EF condition, compared to CON (p < 0.01, p < 0.01, and p < 0.01 respectively) and IF (p < 0.01, p < 0.01, and p < 0.01 respectively) conditions. These findings suggest that EF instructions had an immediate impact on increasing volleyball spike velocity from the start of the wind-up phase to the acceleration phase prior to ball contact.
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spelling pubmed-98510772023-01-20 External focus of attention enhances arm velocities during volleyball spike in young female players Slovák, Lukáš Sarvestan, Javad Iwatsuki, Takehiro Zahradník, David Land, William M. Abdollahipour, Reza Front Psychol Psychology The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different volleyball-specific attentional focus instructions on arm velocities of a volleyball spike in young female volleyball players using the Statistical Parametric Mapping method. Twelve young female volleyball players (13.6 ± 0.6 years old, 1.8 ± 0.8 years of experience in volleyball training) were asked to perform a volleyball spike in a standing position in three different attentional focus conditions including internal focus (IF, i.e., pull back your elbow prior to transfer momentum), external focus, (EF, i.e., imagine cracking a whip to transfer momentum), and control (CON, i.e., no-focus instruction). A Qualisys 3D motion capture-system was used to track reflective markers attached to the arm, forearm, and hand. Consequently, four phases of the volleyball spike including wind-up, cocking, acceleration, and follow-through were analyzed. A one-way repeated-measure ANOVA using one-dimensional statistical parametric mapping (SPM1d) showed that players achieved greater velocities in the hand (p < 0.01), forearm (p < 0.01), and arm (p < 0.01) using the EF instructions from the start of the wind-up phase to the acceleration phase. Post-hoc (SPM1d-t-tests-paired) analyses indicated significantly greater arm, forearm, and hand velocities during the EF condition, compared to CON (p < 0.01, p < 0.01, and p < 0.01 respectively) and IF (p < 0.01, p < 0.01, and p < 0.01 respectively) conditions. These findings suggest that EF instructions had an immediate impact on increasing volleyball spike velocity from the start of the wind-up phase to the acceleration phase prior to ball contact. Frontiers Media S.A. 2023-01-05 /pmc/articles/PMC9851077/ /pubmed/36687905 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1041871 Text en Copyright © 2023 Slovák, Sarvestan, Iwatsuki, Zahradník, Land and Abdollahipour. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Psychology
Slovák, Lukáš
Sarvestan, Javad
Iwatsuki, Takehiro
Zahradník, David
Land, William M.
Abdollahipour, Reza
External focus of attention enhances arm velocities during volleyball spike in young female players
title External focus of attention enhances arm velocities during volleyball spike in young female players
title_full External focus of attention enhances arm velocities during volleyball spike in young female players
title_fullStr External focus of attention enhances arm velocities during volleyball spike in young female players
title_full_unstemmed External focus of attention enhances arm velocities during volleyball spike in young female players
title_short External focus of attention enhances arm velocities during volleyball spike in young female players
title_sort external focus of attention enhances arm velocities during volleyball spike in young female players
topic Psychology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9851077/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36687905
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1041871
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