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External focus of attention enhances arm velocities during volleyball spike in young female players
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different volleyball-specific attentional focus instructions on arm velocities of a volleyball spike in young female volleyball players using the Statistical Parametric Mapping method. Twelve young female volleyball players (13.6 ± 0.6 years old...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9851077/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36687905 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1041871 |
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author | Slovák, Lukáš Sarvestan, Javad Iwatsuki, Takehiro Zahradník, David Land, William M. Abdollahipour, Reza |
author_facet | Slovák, Lukáš Sarvestan, Javad Iwatsuki, Takehiro Zahradník, David Land, William M. Abdollahipour, Reza |
author_sort | Slovák, Lukáš |
collection | PubMed |
description | The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different volleyball-specific attentional focus instructions on arm velocities of a volleyball spike in young female volleyball players using the Statistical Parametric Mapping method. Twelve young female volleyball players (13.6 ± 0.6 years old, 1.8 ± 0.8 years of experience in volleyball training) were asked to perform a volleyball spike in a standing position in three different attentional focus conditions including internal focus (IF, i.e., pull back your elbow prior to transfer momentum), external focus, (EF, i.e., imagine cracking a whip to transfer momentum), and control (CON, i.e., no-focus instruction). A Qualisys 3D motion capture-system was used to track reflective markers attached to the arm, forearm, and hand. Consequently, four phases of the volleyball spike including wind-up, cocking, acceleration, and follow-through were analyzed. A one-way repeated-measure ANOVA using one-dimensional statistical parametric mapping (SPM1d) showed that players achieved greater velocities in the hand (p < 0.01), forearm (p < 0.01), and arm (p < 0.01) using the EF instructions from the start of the wind-up phase to the acceleration phase. Post-hoc (SPM1d-t-tests-paired) analyses indicated significantly greater arm, forearm, and hand velocities during the EF condition, compared to CON (p < 0.01, p < 0.01, and p < 0.01 respectively) and IF (p < 0.01, p < 0.01, and p < 0.01 respectively) conditions. These findings suggest that EF instructions had an immediate impact on increasing volleyball spike velocity from the start of the wind-up phase to the acceleration phase prior to ball contact. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9851077 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-98510772023-01-20 External focus of attention enhances arm velocities during volleyball spike in young female players Slovák, Lukáš Sarvestan, Javad Iwatsuki, Takehiro Zahradník, David Land, William M. Abdollahipour, Reza Front Psychol Psychology The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different volleyball-specific attentional focus instructions on arm velocities of a volleyball spike in young female volleyball players using the Statistical Parametric Mapping method. Twelve young female volleyball players (13.6 ± 0.6 years old, 1.8 ± 0.8 years of experience in volleyball training) were asked to perform a volleyball spike in a standing position in three different attentional focus conditions including internal focus (IF, i.e., pull back your elbow prior to transfer momentum), external focus, (EF, i.e., imagine cracking a whip to transfer momentum), and control (CON, i.e., no-focus instruction). A Qualisys 3D motion capture-system was used to track reflective markers attached to the arm, forearm, and hand. Consequently, four phases of the volleyball spike including wind-up, cocking, acceleration, and follow-through were analyzed. A one-way repeated-measure ANOVA using one-dimensional statistical parametric mapping (SPM1d) showed that players achieved greater velocities in the hand (p < 0.01), forearm (p < 0.01), and arm (p < 0.01) using the EF instructions from the start of the wind-up phase to the acceleration phase. Post-hoc (SPM1d-t-tests-paired) analyses indicated significantly greater arm, forearm, and hand velocities during the EF condition, compared to CON (p < 0.01, p < 0.01, and p < 0.01 respectively) and IF (p < 0.01, p < 0.01, and p < 0.01 respectively) conditions. These findings suggest that EF instructions had an immediate impact on increasing volleyball spike velocity from the start of the wind-up phase to the acceleration phase prior to ball contact. Frontiers Media S.A. 2023-01-05 /pmc/articles/PMC9851077/ /pubmed/36687905 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1041871 Text en Copyright © 2023 Slovák, Sarvestan, Iwatsuki, Zahradník, Land and Abdollahipour. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Psychology Slovák, Lukáš Sarvestan, Javad Iwatsuki, Takehiro Zahradník, David Land, William M. Abdollahipour, Reza External focus of attention enhances arm velocities during volleyball spike in young female players |
title | External focus of attention enhances arm velocities during volleyball spike in young female players |
title_full | External focus of attention enhances arm velocities during volleyball spike in young female players |
title_fullStr | External focus of attention enhances arm velocities during volleyball spike in young female players |
title_full_unstemmed | External focus of attention enhances arm velocities during volleyball spike in young female players |
title_short | External focus of attention enhances arm velocities during volleyball spike in young female players |
title_sort | external focus of attention enhances arm velocities during volleyball spike in young female players |
topic | Psychology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9851077/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36687905 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1041871 |
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