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Prevalence of different tick species on livestock and associated equines and canine from different agro-ecological zones of Pakistan
Ticks are ectoparasites that act as vectors for transmission of various pathogens to wild and domesticated animals and pose a serious threat to human health. Because of the hot and humid conditions in different agro-ecological zones of Pakistan, ticks are abundant and parasitize a variety of animals...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9853404/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36686198 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2022.1089999 |
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author | Hussain, Nazeer Shabbir, Rana Muhammad Kamran Ahmed, Haroon Afzal, Muhammad Sohail Ullah, Shafi Ali, Abid Irum, Shumaila Naqvi, Syed Kamran-ul-Hassan Yin, Jianhai Cao, Jianping |
author_facet | Hussain, Nazeer Shabbir, Rana Muhammad Kamran Ahmed, Haroon Afzal, Muhammad Sohail Ullah, Shafi Ali, Abid Irum, Shumaila Naqvi, Syed Kamran-ul-Hassan Yin, Jianhai Cao, Jianping |
author_sort | Hussain, Nazeer |
collection | PubMed |
description | Ticks are ectoparasites that act as vectors for transmission of various pathogens to wild and domesticated animals and pose a serious threat to human health. Because of the hot and humid conditions in different agro-ecological zones of Pakistan, ticks are abundant and parasitize a variety of animals. The aim of this study was to identify different tick species and distribution on different hosts especially livestock, such as sheep, goat, cattle, buffalo, and camel, and livestock associated canines and equines, such as horse, donkey, and dog, across different agro-ecological zones of Pakistan. The ticks samples were collected and morphologically identified at genus and species level using morphological keys under stereomicroscope. A total of 2,846 animals were examined for the tick infestation, and 408 animals were tick-infested. Eleven tick species belonging to 4 genera were identified: Hyalomma anatolicum, Hyalomma scupense, Hyalomma dromedarii, Hyalomma isaaci, Rhipicephalus microplus, Rhipicephalus haemaphysaloides, Rhipicephalus turanicus, Haemaphysalis cornupunctata, Haemaphysalis montgomeryi, Haemaphysalis bispinosa, and Ixodes kashmiricus. The overall tick prevalence was 14.3%; host-wise infestation rate was 12.2% in sheep; 12.6%, goat; 11.7%, buffalo; 11.7%, cattle; 19.6%, camel; 27.4%, donkey; 23.5%, horse; and 24.3%, dog. Tick infestation of different animals differed on the basis of the zones. Camels showed the highest tick infestation rate in zones 1 and 2 (21.4 and 26.7%, respectively), whereas donkeys showed the highest infestation rate in zones 3, 4, 6, and 7 (25, 39.3, 3.3, and 21.4%, respectively). The infestation rates of Hyalomma and Rhipicephalus were the highest in zone 2 (71.4 and 52.9%, respectively). The infestation rate of Hyalomma was the highest (47.4%) in sheep; Haemaphysalis (46.9%), goat; Rhipicephalus (69.7%), buffalo; Rhipicephalus (62.3%), cattle; Hyalomma (70%), camel; Ixodes (60.9%), donkey; Ixodes (75%), horse; and Rhipicephalus (61.1%), dog. This study showed the diversity and infestation rate of different ticks with respect to their hosts and agro-ecological zones of Pakistan. High tick burdens and infestation rates are responsible for the spread of different tick-borne infections, resulting in loss of animal productivity and posing a threat to animal and human health. Understanding different tick species and their distribution across different zones will be helpful for developing efficient control strategies against different tick born infections. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9853404 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-98534042023-01-21 Prevalence of different tick species on livestock and associated equines and canine from different agro-ecological zones of Pakistan Hussain, Nazeer Shabbir, Rana Muhammad Kamran Ahmed, Haroon Afzal, Muhammad Sohail Ullah, Shafi Ali, Abid Irum, Shumaila Naqvi, Syed Kamran-ul-Hassan Yin, Jianhai Cao, Jianping Front Vet Sci Veterinary Science Ticks are ectoparasites that act as vectors for transmission of various pathogens to wild and domesticated animals and pose a serious threat to human health. Because of the hot and humid conditions in different agro-ecological zones of Pakistan, ticks are abundant and parasitize a variety of animals. The aim of this study was to identify different tick species and distribution on different hosts especially livestock, such as sheep, goat, cattle, buffalo, and camel, and livestock associated canines and equines, such as horse, donkey, and dog, across different agro-ecological zones of Pakistan. The ticks samples were collected and morphologically identified at genus and species level using morphological keys under stereomicroscope. A total of 2,846 animals were examined for the tick infestation, and 408 animals were tick-infested. Eleven tick species belonging to 4 genera were identified: Hyalomma anatolicum, Hyalomma scupense, Hyalomma dromedarii, Hyalomma isaaci, Rhipicephalus microplus, Rhipicephalus haemaphysaloides, Rhipicephalus turanicus, Haemaphysalis cornupunctata, Haemaphysalis montgomeryi, Haemaphysalis bispinosa, and Ixodes kashmiricus. The overall tick prevalence was 14.3%; host-wise infestation rate was 12.2% in sheep; 12.6%, goat; 11.7%, buffalo; 11.7%, cattle; 19.6%, camel; 27.4%, donkey; 23.5%, horse; and 24.3%, dog. Tick infestation of different animals differed on the basis of the zones. Camels showed the highest tick infestation rate in zones 1 and 2 (21.4 and 26.7%, respectively), whereas donkeys showed the highest infestation rate in zones 3, 4, 6, and 7 (25, 39.3, 3.3, and 21.4%, respectively). The infestation rates of Hyalomma and Rhipicephalus were the highest in zone 2 (71.4 and 52.9%, respectively). The infestation rate of Hyalomma was the highest (47.4%) in sheep; Haemaphysalis (46.9%), goat; Rhipicephalus (69.7%), buffalo; Rhipicephalus (62.3%), cattle; Hyalomma (70%), camel; Ixodes (60.9%), donkey; Ixodes (75%), horse; and Rhipicephalus (61.1%), dog. This study showed the diversity and infestation rate of different ticks with respect to their hosts and agro-ecological zones of Pakistan. High tick burdens and infestation rates are responsible for the spread of different tick-borne infections, resulting in loss of animal productivity and posing a threat to animal and human health. Understanding different tick species and their distribution across different zones will be helpful for developing efficient control strategies against different tick born infections. Frontiers Media S.A. 2023-01-06 /pmc/articles/PMC9853404/ /pubmed/36686198 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2022.1089999 Text en Copyright © 2023 Hussain, Shabbir, Ahmed, Afzal, Ullah, Ali, Irum, Naqvi, Yin and Cao. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Veterinary Science Hussain, Nazeer Shabbir, Rana Muhammad Kamran Ahmed, Haroon Afzal, Muhammad Sohail Ullah, Shafi Ali, Abid Irum, Shumaila Naqvi, Syed Kamran-ul-Hassan Yin, Jianhai Cao, Jianping Prevalence of different tick species on livestock and associated equines and canine from different agro-ecological zones of Pakistan |
title | Prevalence of different tick species on livestock and associated equines and canine from different agro-ecological zones of Pakistan |
title_full | Prevalence of different tick species on livestock and associated equines and canine from different agro-ecological zones of Pakistan |
title_fullStr | Prevalence of different tick species on livestock and associated equines and canine from different agro-ecological zones of Pakistan |
title_full_unstemmed | Prevalence of different tick species on livestock and associated equines and canine from different agro-ecological zones of Pakistan |
title_short | Prevalence of different tick species on livestock and associated equines and canine from different agro-ecological zones of Pakistan |
title_sort | prevalence of different tick species on livestock and associated equines and canine from different agro-ecological zones of pakistan |
topic | Veterinary Science |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9853404/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36686198 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2022.1089999 |
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