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Insect PRXamides: Evolutionary Divergence, Novelty, and Loss in a Conserved Neuropeptide System

The PRXamide neuropeptides have been described in both protostome and deuterostome species, including all major groups of the Panarthropoda. Best studied are the insect PRXamides consisting of three genes: pk/pban, capa, and eth, each encoding multiple short peptides that are cleaved post-translatio...

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Autor principal: Farris, Sarah M
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Oxford University Press 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9853942/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36661324
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jisesa/ieac079
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author Farris, Sarah M
author_facet Farris, Sarah M
author_sort Farris, Sarah M
collection PubMed
description The PRXamide neuropeptides have been described in both protostome and deuterostome species, including all major groups of the Panarthropoda. Best studied are the insect PRXamides consisting of three genes: pk/pban, capa, and eth, each encoding multiple short peptides that are cleaved post-translationally. Comparisons of genome and transcriptome sequences reveal that while retaining its fundamental ancestral organization, the products of the pk/pban gene have undergone significant change in the insect Order Diptera. Basal dipteran pk/pban genes are much like those of other holometabolous insects, while more crown species have lost two peptide coding sequences including the otherwise ubiquitous pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide (PBAN). In the genomic model species Drosophila melanogaster, one of the remaining peptides (hugin) plays a potentially novel role in feeding and locomotor regulation tied to circadian rhythms. Comparison of peptide coding sequences of pk/pban across the Diptera pinpoints the acquisition or loss of the hugin and PBAN peptide sequences respectively, and provides clues to associated changes in life history, physiology, and/or behavior. Interestingly, the neural circuitry underlying pk/pban function is highly conserved across the insects regardless of the composition of the pk/pban gene. The rapid evolution and diversification of the Diptera provide many instances of adaptive novelties from genes to behavior that can be placed in the context of emerging selective pressures at key points in their phylogeny; further study of changing functional roles of pk/pban may then be facilitated by the high-resolution genetic tools available in Drosophila melanogaster.
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spelling pubmed-98539422023-01-23 Insect PRXamides: Evolutionary Divergence, Novelty, and Loss in a Conserved Neuropeptide System Farris, Sarah M J Insect Sci Review The PRXamide neuropeptides have been described in both protostome and deuterostome species, including all major groups of the Panarthropoda. Best studied are the insect PRXamides consisting of three genes: pk/pban, capa, and eth, each encoding multiple short peptides that are cleaved post-translationally. Comparisons of genome and transcriptome sequences reveal that while retaining its fundamental ancestral organization, the products of the pk/pban gene have undergone significant change in the insect Order Diptera. Basal dipteran pk/pban genes are much like those of other holometabolous insects, while more crown species have lost two peptide coding sequences including the otherwise ubiquitous pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide (PBAN). In the genomic model species Drosophila melanogaster, one of the remaining peptides (hugin) plays a potentially novel role in feeding and locomotor regulation tied to circadian rhythms. Comparison of peptide coding sequences of pk/pban across the Diptera pinpoints the acquisition or loss of the hugin and PBAN peptide sequences respectively, and provides clues to associated changes in life history, physiology, and/or behavior. Interestingly, the neural circuitry underlying pk/pban function is highly conserved across the insects regardless of the composition of the pk/pban gene. The rapid evolution and diversification of the Diptera provide many instances of adaptive novelties from genes to behavior that can be placed in the context of emerging selective pressures at key points in their phylogeny; further study of changing functional roles of pk/pban may then be facilitated by the high-resolution genetic tools available in Drosophila melanogaster. Oxford University Press 2023-01-20 /pmc/articles/PMC9853942/ /pubmed/36661324 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jisesa/ieac079 Text en © The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Entomological Society of America. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Review
Farris, Sarah M
Insect PRXamides: Evolutionary Divergence, Novelty, and Loss in a Conserved Neuropeptide System
title Insect PRXamides: Evolutionary Divergence, Novelty, and Loss in a Conserved Neuropeptide System
title_full Insect PRXamides: Evolutionary Divergence, Novelty, and Loss in a Conserved Neuropeptide System
title_fullStr Insect PRXamides: Evolutionary Divergence, Novelty, and Loss in a Conserved Neuropeptide System
title_full_unstemmed Insect PRXamides: Evolutionary Divergence, Novelty, and Loss in a Conserved Neuropeptide System
title_short Insect PRXamides: Evolutionary Divergence, Novelty, and Loss in a Conserved Neuropeptide System
title_sort insect prxamides: evolutionary divergence, novelty, and loss in a conserved neuropeptide system
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9853942/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36661324
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jisesa/ieac079
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