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New prospects on cerebellar reserve: Remarks on neuroprotective effects of experience in animals and humans

The ability of the brain to change structure and function in response to experience accounts for its ability to successfully adapt to the environment in both learning processes and unique phases, such as during development and repair. On this basis, the occurrence of the brain, cognitive, and neural...

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Autores principales: Gelfo, Francesca, Serra, Laura, Petrosini, Laura
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9854258/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36685287
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnsys.2022.1088587
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author Gelfo, Francesca
Serra, Laura
Petrosini, Laura
author_facet Gelfo, Francesca
Serra, Laura
Petrosini, Laura
author_sort Gelfo, Francesca
collection PubMed
description The ability of the brain to change structure and function in response to experience accounts for its ability to successfully adapt to the environment in both learning processes and unique phases, such as during development and repair. On this basis, the occurrence of the brain, cognitive, and neural reserves has been advanced to explain the discrepancies between the extent of neurological damage and the severity of clinical manifestations described in patients with different life span experiences. Research on this topic highlighted the neuroprotective role of complex stimulations, allowing the brain to better cope with the damage. This framework was initially developed by observing patients with Alzheimer's disease, and it has since been progressively expanded to multifarious pathological states. The cerebellum is known to be particularly responsive to experience through extensive plastic rearrangements. The neuroprotective value exerted by reserve mechanisms appears to be suitable for basic neuronal plasticity in the cerebellum. Thus, it is of primary interest to deepen our understanding of how life experiences modify individuals' cerebellar morphology and functionality. The present study is aimed at analyzing the evidence provided on this topic by animal and human studies. For animals, we considered the studies in which subjects were submitted to enhanced stimulations before the damage occurred. For humans, we considered studies in which previous lifelong high-level experiences were associated with superior cerebellar abilities to cope with injury. Detailed indications of the processes underlying cerebellar reserves may be important in proposing effective interventions for patients suffering from pathologies that directly or indirectly damage cerebellar functionality.
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spelling pubmed-98542582023-01-21 New prospects on cerebellar reserve: Remarks on neuroprotective effects of experience in animals and humans Gelfo, Francesca Serra, Laura Petrosini, Laura Front Syst Neurosci Neuroscience The ability of the brain to change structure and function in response to experience accounts for its ability to successfully adapt to the environment in both learning processes and unique phases, such as during development and repair. On this basis, the occurrence of the brain, cognitive, and neural reserves has been advanced to explain the discrepancies between the extent of neurological damage and the severity of clinical manifestations described in patients with different life span experiences. Research on this topic highlighted the neuroprotective role of complex stimulations, allowing the brain to better cope with the damage. This framework was initially developed by observing patients with Alzheimer's disease, and it has since been progressively expanded to multifarious pathological states. The cerebellum is known to be particularly responsive to experience through extensive plastic rearrangements. The neuroprotective value exerted by reserve mechanisms appears to be suitable for basic neuronal plasticity in the cerebellum. Thus, it is of primary interest to deepen our understanding of how life experiences modify individuals' cerebellar morphology and functionality. The present study is aimed at analyzing the evidence provided on this topic by animal and human studies. For animals, we considered the studies in which subjects were submitted to enhanced stimulations before the damage occurred. For humans, we considered studies in which previous lifelong high-level experiences were associated with superior cerebellar abilities to cope with injury. Detailed indications of the processes underlying cerebellar reserves may be important in proposing effective interventions for patients suffering from pathologies that directly or indirectly damage cerebellar functionality. Frontiers Media S.A. 2023-01-06 /pmc/articles/PMC9854258/ /pubmed/36685287 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnsys.2022.1088587 Text en Copyright © 2023 Gelfo, Serra and Petrosini. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Neuroscience
Gelfo, Francesca
Serra, Laura
Petrosini, Laura
New prospects on cerebellar reserve: Remarks on neuroprotective effects of experience in animals and humans
title New prospects on cerebellar reserve: Remarks on neuroprotective effects of experience in animals and humans
title_full New prospects on cerebellar reserve: Remarks on neuroprotective effects of experience in animals and humans
title_fullStr New prospects on cerebellar reserve: Remarks on neuroprotective effects of experience in animals and humans
title_full_unstemmed New prospects on cerebellar reserve: Remarks on neuroprotective effects of experience in animals and humans
title_short New prospects on cerebellar reserve: Remarks on neuroprotective effects of experience in animals and humans
title_sort new prospects on cerebellar reserve: remarks on neuroprotective effects of experience in animals and humans
topic Neuroscience
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9854258/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36685287
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnsys.2022.1088587
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