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A Disease Outbreak in Beef Cattle Associated with Anaplasma and Mycoplasma Infections

SIMPLE SUMMARY: A disease outbreak in a Swedish herd of beef cattle which may be related to a tick-borne infection initiated an in-depth study to investigate the presence of bacteria and viruses in clinically healthy and diseased cattle, as well as in wild deer and boars from the region and in ticks...

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Autores principales: Persson Waller, Karin, Dahlgren, Kerstin, Grandi, Giulio, Holding, Maya Louise, Näslund, Katarina, Omazic, Anna, Sprong, Hein, Ullman, Karin, Leijon, Mikael
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9854672/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36670826
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13020286
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author Persson Waller, Karin
Dahlgren, Kerstin
Grandi, Giulio
Holding, Maya Louise
Näslund, Katarina
Omazic, Anna
Sprong, Hein
Ullman, Karin
Leijon, Mikael
author_facet Persson Waller, Karin
Dahlgren, Kerstin
Grandi, Giulio
Holding, Maya Louise
Näslund, Katarina
Omazic, Anna
Sprong, Hein
Ullman, Karin
Leijon, Mikael
author_sort Persson Waller, Karin
collection PubMed
description SIMPLE SUMMARY: A disease outbreak in a Swedish herd of beef cattle which may be related to a tick-borne infection initiated an in-depth study to investigate the presence of bacteria and viruses in clinically healthy and diseased cattle, as well as in wild deer and boars from the region and in ticks collected from the cattle and deer. The results indicated unusual types of Mycoplasma as possible causative factors, probably in combination with immune suppression due to granulocytic anaplasmosis caused by Anaplasma phagocytophilum. The latter bacterium was widespread in the herd and was also found in wild deer in the region, and in ticks collected from the cattle and deer. Genetic comparisons indicated that Anaplasma phagocytophilum was circulating among the cattle population, while circulation between cattle and deer occurred infrequently. ABSTRACT: An outbreak of disease in a Swedish beef cattle herd initiated an in-depth study to investigate the presence of bacteria and viruses in the blood of clinically healthy (n = 10) and clinically diseased cattle (n = 20) using whole-genome shotgun sequencing (WGSS). The occurrence of infectious agents was also investigated in ticks found attached to healthy cattle (n = 61) and wild deer (n = 23), and in spleen samples from wild deer (n = 30) and wild boars (n = 10). Moreover, blood samples from 84 clinically healthy young stock were analysed for antibodies against Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Babesia divergens. The WGSS revealed the presence of at least three distinct Mycoplasma variants that were most closely related to Mycoplasma wenyonii. Two of these were very similar to a divergent M. wenyonii variant previously only detected in Mexico. These variants tended to be more common in the diseased cattle than in the healthy cattle but were not detected in the ticks or wild animals. The DNA of A. phagocytophilum was detected in similar proportions in diseased (33%) and healthy (40%) cattle, while 70% of the deer, 8% of ticks collected from the cattle and 19% of the ticks collected from deer were positive. Almost all the isolates from the cattle, deer and ticks belonged to Ecotype 1. Based on sequencing of the groEL-gene, most isolates of A. phagocytophilum from cattle were similar and belonged to a different cluster than the isolates from wild deer. Antibodies against A. phagocytophilum were detected in all the analysed samples. In conclusion, uncommon variants of Mycoplasma were detected, probably associated with the disease outbreak in combination with immune suppression due to granulocytic anaplasmosis. Moreover, A. phagocytophilum was found to be circulating within this cattle population, while circulation between cattle and deer occurred infrequently.
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spelling pubmed-98546722023-01-21 A Disease Outbreak in Beef Cattle Associated with Anaplasma and Mycoplasma Infections Persson Waller, Karin Dahlgren, Kerstin Grandi, Giulio Holding, Maya Louise Näslund, Katarina Omazic, Anna Sprong, Hein Ullman, Karin Leijon, Mikael Animals (Basel) Article SIMPLE SUMMARY: A disease outbreak in a Swedish herd of beef cattle which may be related to a tick-borne infection initiated an in-depth study to investigate the presence of bacteria and viruses in clinically healthy and diseased cattle, as well as in wild deer and boars from the region and in ticks collected from the cattle and deer. The results indicated unusual types of Mycoplasma as possible causative factors, probably in combination with immune suppression due to granulocytic anaplasmosis caused by Anaplasma phagocytophilum. The latter bacterium was widespread in the herd and was also found in wild deer in the region, and in ticks collected from the cattle and deer. Genetic comparisons indicated that Anaplasma phagocytophilum was circulating among the cattle population, while circulation between cattle and deer occurred infrequently. ABSTRACT: An outbreak of disease in a Swedish beef cattle herd initiated an in-depth study to investigate the presence of bacteria and viruses in the blood of clinically healthy (n = 10) and clinically diseased cattle (n = 20) using whole-genome shotgun sequencing (WGSS). The occurrence of infectious agents was also investigated in ticks found attached to healthy cattle (n = 61) and wild deer (n = 23), and in spleen samples from wild deer (n = 30) and wild boars (n = 10). Moreover, blood samples from 84 clinically healthy young stock were analysed for antibodies against Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Babesia divergens. The WGSS revealed the presence of at least three distinct Mycoplasma variants that were most closely related to Mycoplasma wenyonii. Two of these were very similar to a divergent M. wenyonii variant previously only detected in Mexico. These variants tended to be more common in the diseased cattle than in the healthy cattle but were not detected in the ticks or wild animals. The DNA of A. phagocytophilum was detected in similar proportions in diseased (33%) and healthy (40%) cattle, while 70% of the deer, 8% of ticks collected from the cattle and 19% of the ticks collected from deer were positive. Almost all the isolates from the cattle, deer and ticks belonged to Ecotype 1. Based on sequencing of the groEL-gene, most isolates of A. phagocytophilum from cattle were similar and belonged to a different cluster than the isolates from wild deer. Antibodies against A. phagocytophilum were detected in all the analysed samples. In conclusion, uncommon variants of Mycoplasma were detected, probably associated with the disease outbreak in combination with immune suppression due to granulocytic anaplasmosis. Moreover, A. phagocytophilum was found to be circulating within this cattle population, while circulation between cattle and deer occurred infrequently. MDPI 2023-01-13 /pmc/articles/PMC9854672/ /pubmed/36670826 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13020286 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Persson Waller, Karin
Dahlgren, Kerstin
Grandi, Giulio
Holding, Maya Louise
Näslund, Katarina
Omazic, Anna
Sprong, Hein
Ullman, Karin
Leijon, Mikael
A Disease Outbreak in Beef Cattle Associated with Anaplasma and Mycoplasma Infections
title A Disease Outbreak in Beef Cattle Associated with Anaplasma and Mycoplasma Infections
title_full A Disease Outbreak in Beef Cattle Associated with Anaplasma and Mycoplasma Infections
title_fullStr A Disease Outbreak in Beef Cattle Associated with Anaplasma and Mycoplasma Infections
title_full_unstemmed A Disease Outbreak in Beef Cattle Associated with Anaplasma and Mycoplasma Infections
title_short A Disease Outbreak in Beef Cattle Associated with Anaplasma and Mycoplasma Infections
title_sort disease outbreak in beef cattle associated with anaplasma and mycoplasma infections
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9854672/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36670826
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13020286
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