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The Role of the Respiratory Microbiome in the Pathogenesis of Aspiration Pneumonia: Implications for Diagnosis and Potential Therapeutic Choices

Although the lungs were considered to be sterile until recently, the advent of molecular biology techniques, such as polymerase chain reaction, 16 S rRNA sequencing and metagenomics has led to our expanding knowledge of the lung microbiome. These methods may be particularly useful for the identifica...

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Autores principales: Vallianou, Natalia G., Skourtis, Alexandros, Kounatidis, Dimitris, Margellou, Evangelia, Panagopoulos, Fotis, Geladari, Eleni, Evangelopoulos, Angelos, Jahaj, Edison
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9855160/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36671341
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12010140
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author Vallianou, Natalia G.
Skourtis, Alexandros
Kounatidis, Dimitris
Margellou, Evangelia
Panagopoulos, Fotis
Geladari, Eleni
Evangelopoulos, Angelos
Jahaj, Edison
author_facet Vallianou, Natalia G.
Skourtis, Alexandros
Kounatidis, Dimitris
Margellou, Evangelia
Panagopoulos, Fotis
Geladari, Eleni
Evangelopoulos, Angelos
Jahaj, Edison
author_sort Vallianou, Natalia G.
collection PubMed
description Although the lungs were considered to be sterile until recently, the advent of molecular biology techniques, such as polymerase chain reaction, 16 S rRNA sequencing and metagenomics has led to our expanding knowledge of the lung microbiome. These methods may be particularly useful for the identification of the causative agent(s) in cases of aspiration pneumonia, in which there is usually prior administration of antibiotics. The most common empirical treatment of aspiration pneumonia is the administration of broad-spectrum antibiotics; however, this may result in negative cultures from specimens taken from the respiratory tract. Therefore, in such cases, polymerase chain reaction or metagenomic next-generation sequencing may be life-saving. Moreover, these modern molecular methods may assist with antimicrobial stewardship. Based upon factors such as age, altered mental consciousness and recent hospitalization, there is a shift towards the predominance of aerobes, especially Gram-negative bacteria, over anaerobes in aspiration pneumonia. Thus, the therapeutic choices should be expanded to cover multi-drug resistant Gram-negative bacteria in selected cases of aspiration pneumonia.
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spelling pubmed-98551602023-01-21 The Role of the Respiratory Microbiome in the Pathogenesis of Aspiration Pneumonia: Implications for Diagnosis and Potential Therapeutic Choices Vallianou, Natalia G. Skourtis, Alexandros Kounatidis, Dimitris Margellou, Evangelia Panagopoulos, Fotis Geladari, Eleni Evangelopoulos, Angelos Jahaj, Edison Antibiotics (Basel) Review Although the lungs were considered to be sterile until recently, the advent of molecular biology techniques, such as polymerase chain reaction, 16 S rRNA sequencing and metagenomics has led to our expanding knowledge of the lung microbiome. These methods may be particularly useful for the identification of the causative agent(s) in cases of aspiration pneumonia, in which there is usually prior administration of antibiotics. The most common empirical treatment of aspiration pneumonia is the administration of broad-spectrum antibiotics; however, this may result in negative cultures from specimens taken from the respiratory tract. Therefore, in such cases, polymerase chain reaction or metagenomic next-generation sequencing may be life-saving. Moreover, these modern molecular methods may assist with antimicrobial stewardship. Based upon factors such as age, altered mental consciousness and recent hospitalization, there is a shift towards the predominance of aerobes, especially Gram-negative bacteria, over anaerobes in aspiration pneumonia. Thus, the therapeutic choices should be expanded to cover multi-drug resistant Gram-negative bacteria in selected cases of aspiration pneumonia. MDPI 2023-01-10 /pmc/articles/PMC9855160/ /pubmed/36671341 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12010140 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Vallianou, Natalia G.
Skourtis, Alexandros
Kounatidis, Dimitris
Margellou, Evangelia
Panagopoulos, Fotis
Geladari, Eleni
Evangelopoulos, Angelos
Jahaj, Edison
The Role of the Respiratory Microbiome in the Pathogenesis of Aspiration Pneumonia: Implications for Diagnosis and Potential Therapeutic Choices
title The Role of the Respiratory Microbiome in the Pathogenesis of Aspiration Pneumonia: Implications for Diagnosis and Potential Therapeutic Choices
title_full The Role of the Respiratory Microbiome in the Pathogenesis of Aspiration Pneumonia: Implications for Diagnosis and Potential Therapeutic Choices
title_fullStr The Role of the Respiratory Microbiome in the Pathogenesis of Aspiration Pneumonia: Implications for Diagnosis and Potential Therapeutic Choices
title_full_unstemmed The Role of the Respiratory Microbiome in the Pathogenesis of Aspiration Pneumonia: Implications for Diagnosis and Potential Therapeutic Choices
title_short The Role of the Respiratory Microbiome in the Pathogenesis of Aspiration Pneumonia: Implications for Diagnosis and Potential Therapeutic Choices
title_sort role of the respiratory microbiome in the pathogenesis of aspiration pneumonia: implications for diagnosis and potential therapeutic choices
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9855160/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36671341
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12010140
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