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Targeted Epigenetic Interventions in Cancer with an Emphasis on Pediatric Malignancies

Over the past two decades, novel hallmarks of cancer have been described, including the altered epigenetic landscape of malignant diseases. In addition to the methylation and hyd-roxymethylation of DNA, numerous novel forms of histone modifications and nucleosome remodeling have been discovered, giv...

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Autor principal: Gaál, Zsuzsanna
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9855367/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36671446
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom13010061
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author Gaál, Zsuzsanna
author_facet Gaál, Zsuzsanna
author_sort Gaál, Zsuzsanna
collection PubMed
description Over the past two decades, novel hallmarks of cancer have been described, including the altered epigenetic landscape of malignant diseases. In addition to the methylation and hyd-roxymethylation of DNA, numerous novel forms of histone modifications and nucleosome remodeling have been discovered, giving rise to a wide variety of targeted therapeutic interventions. DNA hypomethylating drugs, histone deacetylase inhibitors and agents targeting histone methylation machinery are of distinguished clinical significance. The major focus of this review is placed on targeted epigenetic interventions in the most common pediatric malignancies, including acute leukemias, brain and kidney tumors, neuroblastoma and soft tissue sarcomas. Upcoming novel challenges include specificity and potential undesirable side effects. Different epigenetic patterns of pediatric and adult cancers should be noted. Biological significance of epigenetic alterations highly depends on the tissue microenvironment and widespread interactions. An individualized treatment approach requires detailed genetic, epigenetic and metabolomic evaluation of cancer. Advances in molecular technologies and clinical translation may contribute to the development of novel pediatric anticancer treatment strategies, aiming for improved survival and better patient quality of life.
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spelling pubmed-98553672023-01-21 Targeted Epigenetic Interventions in Cancer with an Emphasis on Pediatric Malignancies Gaál, Zsuzsanna Biomolecules Review Over the past two decades, novel hallmarks of cancer have been described, including the altered epigenetic landscape of malignant diseases. In addition to the methylation and hyd-roxymethylation of DNA, numerous novel forms of histone modifications and nucleosome remodeling have been discovered, giving rise to a wide variety of targeted therapeutic interventions. DNA hypomethylating drugs, histone deacetylase inhibitors and agents targeting histone methylation machinery are of distinguished clinical significance. The major focus of this review is placed on targeted epigenetic interventions in the most common pediatric malignancies, including acute leukemias, brain and kidney tumors, neuroblastoma and soft tissue sarcomas. Upcoming novel challenges include specificity and potential undesirable side effects. Different epigenetic patterns of pediatric and adult cancers should be noted. Biological significance of epigenetic alterations highly depends on the tissue microenvironment and widespread interactions. An individualized treatment approach requires detailed genetic, epigenetic and metabolomic evaluation of cancer. Advances in molecular technologies and clinical translation may contribute to the development of novel pediatric anticancer treatment strategies, aiming for improved survival and better patient quality of life. MDPI 2022-12-28 /pmc/articles/PMC9855367/ /pubmed/36671446 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom13010061 Text en © 2022 by the author. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Gaál, Zsuzsanna
Targeted Epigenetic Interventions in Cancer with an Emphasis on Pediatric Malignancies
title Targeted Epigenetic Interventions in Cancer with an Emphasis on Pediatric Malignancies
title_full Targeted Epigenetic Interventions in Cancer with an Emphasis on Pediatric Malignancies
title_fullStr Targeted Epigenetic Interventions in Cancer with an Emphasis on Pediatric Malignancies
title_full_unstemmed Targeted Epigenetic Interventions in Cancer with an Emphasis on Pediatric Malignancies
title_short Targeted Epigenetic Interventions in Cancer with an Emphasis on Pediatric Malignancies
title_sort targeted epigenetic interventions in cancer with an emphasis on pediatric malignancies
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9855367/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36671446
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom13010061
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