Enhanced Therapeutic Potential of Irreversible Electroporation under Combination with Gold-Doped Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles against EMT-6 Breast Cancer Cells

Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is a non-thermal tumor ablation technique that delivers short pulses of strong electric fields to cancer tissues and induces cell death through the destruction of cell membranes. Here, we synthesized gold-doped mesoporous silica nanoparticles (Au-MSNs) via incipient wetness impregnation and evaluated the therapeutic potentials of combination therapy with IRE. The fabricated Au-MSNs had around 80–100 nm of particle size and were successfully end-doped with Au nanoparticles. Combination treatment of IRE (800 V/cm) and Au-MSNs (100 μg/mL) increased cell membrane permeability by 25-fold compared with single IRE treatment. Cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation of EMT-6 cells were significantly increased by 14- and 265-fold, respectively, under combination treatment of IRE (800 V/cm) and Au-MSNs (100 µg/mL). Cytotoxic cell death increased by 28% under a combination treatment of IRE (800 V/cm) and Au-MSNs (100 ug/mL) over single IRE. Our studies suggest that the combination treatment of IRE with Au-MSNs can enhance the therapeutic efficacy of IRE for breast cancer.