Cargando…

Worsening Thrombotic Complication of Atherosclerotic Plaques Due to Neutrophils Extracellular Traps: A Systematic Review

Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) recently emerged as a newly recognized contributor to venous and arterial thrombosis. These strands of DNA, extruded by activated or dying neutrophils, decorated with various protein mediators, become solid-state reactors that can localize at the critical interf...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Nappi, Francesco, Bellomo, Francesca, Avtaar Singh, Sanjeet Singh
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9855935/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36672621
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11010113
_version_ 1784873497754861568
author Nappi, Francesco
Bellomo, Francesca
Avtaar Singh, Sanjeet Singh
author_facet Nappi, Francesco
Bellomo, Francesca
Avtaar Singh, Sanjeet Singh
author_sort Nappi, Francesco
collection PubMed
description Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) recently emerged as a newly recognized contributor to venous and arterial thrombosis. These strands of DNA, extruded by activated or dying neutrophils, decorated with various protein mediators, become solid-state reactors that can localize at the critical interface of blood with the intimal surface of diseased arteries alongside propagating and amplifying the regional injury. NETs thus furnish a previously unsuspected link between inflammation, innate immunity, thrombosis, oxidative stress, and cardiovascular diseases. In response to disease-relevant stimuli, neutrophils undergo a specialized series of reactions that culminate in NET formation. DNA derived from either nuclei or mitochondria can contribute to NET formation. The DNA liberated from neutrophils forms a reticular mesh that resembles morphologically a net, rendering the acronym NETs particularly appropriate. The DNA backbone of NETs not only presents intrinsic neutrophil proteins (e.g., MPO (myeloperoxidase) and various proteinases) but can congregate other proteins found in blood (e.g., tissue factor procoagulant). This systematic review discusses the current hypothesis of neutrophil biology, focusing on the triggers and mechanisms of NET formation. Furthermore, the contribution of NETs to atherosclerosis and thrombosis is extensively addressed. Again, the use of NET markers in clinical trials was considered. Ultimately, given the vast body of the published literature, we aim to integrate the experimental evidence with the growing body of clinical information relating to NET critically.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-9855935
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2023
publisher MDPI
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-98559352023-01-21 Worsening Thrombotic Complication of Atherosclerotic Plaques Due to Neutrophils Extracellular Traps: A Systematic Review Nappi, Francesco Bellomo, Francesca Avtaar Singh, Sanjeet Singh Biomedicines Systematic Review Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) recently emerged as a newly recognized contributor to venous and arterial thrombosis. These strands of DNA, extruded by activated or dying neutrophils, decorated with various protein mediators, become solid-state reactors that can localize at the critical interface of blood with the intimal surface of diseased arteries alongside propagating and amplifying the regional injury. NETs thus furnish a previously unsuspected link between inflammation, innate immunity, thrombosis, oxidative stress, and cardiovascular diseases. In response to disease-relevant stimuli, neutrophils undergo a specialized series of reactions that culminate in NET formation. DNA derived from either nuclei or mitochondria can contribute to NET formation. The DNA liberated from neutrophils forms a reticular mesh that resembles morphologically a net, rendering the acronym NETs particularly appropriate. The DNA backbone of NETs not only presents intrinsic neutrophil proteins (e.g., MPO (myeloperoxidase) and various proteinases) but can congregate other proteins found in blood (e.g., tissue factor procoagulant). This systematic review discusses the current hypothesis of neutrophil biology, focusing on the triggers and mechanisms of NET formation. Furthermore, the contribution of NETs to atherosclerosis and thrombosis is extensively addressed. Again, the use of NET markers in clinical trials was considered. Ultimately, given the vast body of the published literature, we aim to integrate the experimental evidence with the growing body of clinical information relating to NET critically. MDPI 2023-01-02 /pmc/articles/PMC9855935/ /pubmed/36672621 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11010113 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Systematic Review
Nappi, Francesco
Bellomo, Francesca
Avtaar Singh, Sanjeet Singh
Worsening Thrombotic Complication of Atherosclerotic Plaques Due to Neutrophils Extracellular Traps: A Systematic Review
title Worsening Thrombotic Complication of Atherosclerotic Plaques Due to Neutrophils Extracellular Traps: A Systematic Review
title_full Worsening Thrombotic Complication of Atherosclerotic Plaques Due to Neutrophils Extracellular Traps: A Systematic Review
title_fullStr Worsening Thrombotic Complication of Atherosclerotic Plaques Due to Neutrophils Extracellular Traps: A Systematic Review
title_full_unstemmed Worsening Thrombotic Complication of Atherosclerotic Plaques Due to Neutrophils Extracellular Traps: A Systematic Review
title_short Worsening Thrombotic Complication of Atherosclerotic Plaques Due to Neutrophils Extracellular Traps: A Systematic Review
title_sort worsening thrombotic complication of atherosclerotic plaques due to neutrophils extracellular traps: a systematic review
topic Systematic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9855935/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36672621
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11010113
work_keys_str_mv AT nappifrancesco worseningthromboticcomplicationofatheroscleroticplaquesduetoneutrophilsextracellulartrapsasystematicreview
AT bellomofrancesca worseningthromboticcomplicationofatheroscleroticplaquesduetoneutrophilsextracellulartrapsasystematicreview
AT avtaarsinghsanjeetsingh worseningthromboticcomplicationofatheroscleroticplaquesduetoneutrophilsextracellulartrapsasystematicreview