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Non-Destructive and Non-Invasive Measurement of Ethanol and Toxic Alcohol Strengths in Beverages and Spirits Using Portable Raman Spectroscopy
The measurement of ethanol and toxic alcohol (methanol and isopropanol) strengths in beverages and spirits is crucial for health reasons but also for the identification of adulterated products. Many methodologies have been reported in the literature, based mainly on chromatographic and on spectrosco...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9856296/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36671970 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios13010135 |
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author | Papaspyridakou, Panagiota Giannoutsou, Panagiota Orkoula, Malvina G. |
author_facet | Papaspyridakou, Panagiota Giannoutsou, Panagiota Orkoula, Malvina G. |
author_sort | Papaspyridakou, Panagiota |
collection | PubMed |
description | The measurement of ethanol and toxic alcohol (methanol and isopropanol) strengths in beverages and spirits is crucial for health reasons but also for the identification of adulterated products. Many methodologies have been reported in the literature, based mainly on chromatographic and on spectroscopic techniques. Chromatographic techniques are laborious and time-consuming, while spectroscopic techniques are rapid and need no special sample pretreatment. All techniques were only applied to off-line or at-line manner. In the present work, Raman spectroscopy was used for fast and non-destructive measurements. A “through the container” method was developed for a non-invasive analysis, i.e., analysis without unsealing the bottles. This method, coupled with a miniature portable Raman, can serve for in-line measurements in a production line. The optimum laser focus for maximum spirit signal and minimum glass-wall signal was investigated. Calibration curves for the alcohols of interest were constructed and validated. The limits of detections were calculated and proved to be lower than the legitimate values. The influences of the liquor color and the bottle color, shape, and thickness were checked. Twenty-eight alcoholic products were studied. The concentrations found were compared against the nominal values (from the bottle labels). |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9856296 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-98562962023-01-21 Non-Destructive and Non-Invasive Measurement of Ethanol and Toxic Alcohol Strengths in Beverages and Spirits Using Portable Raman Spectroscopy Papaspyridakou, Panagiota Giannoutsou, Panagiota Orkoula, Malvina G. Biosensors (Basel) Article The measurement of ethanol and toxic alcohol (methanol and isopropanol) strengths in beverages and spirits is crucial for health reasons but also for the identification of adulterated products. Many methodologies have been reported in the literature, based mainly on chromatographic and on spectroscopic techniques. Chromatographic techniques are laborious and time-consuming, while spectroscopic techniques are rapid and need no special sample pretreatment. All techniques were only applied to off-line or at-line manner. In the present work, Raman spectroscopy was used for fast and non-destructive measurements. A “through the container” method was developed for a non-invasive analysis, i.e., analysis without unsealing the bottles. This method, coupled with a miniature portable Raman, can serve for in-line measurements in a production line. The optimum laser focus for maximum spirit signal and minimum glass-wall signal was investigated. Calibration curves for the alcohols of interest were constructed and validated. The limits of detections were calculated and proved to be lower than the legitimate values. The influences of the liquor color and the bottle color, shape, and thickness were checked. Twenty-eight alcoholic products were studied. The concentrations found were compared against the nominal values (from the bottle labels). MDPI 2023-01-13 /pmc/articles/PMC9856296/ /pubmed/36671970 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios13010135 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Papaspyridakou, Panagiota Giannoutsou, Panagiota Orkoula, Malvina G. Non-Destructive and Non-Invasive Measurement of Ethanol and Toxic Alcohol Strengths in Beverages and Spirits Using Portable Raman Spectroscopy |
title | Non-Destructive and Non-Invasive Measurement of Ethanol and Toxic Alcohol Strengths in Beverages and Spirits Using Portable Raman Spectroscopy |
title_full | Non-Destructive and Non-Invasive Measurement of Ethanol and Toxic Alcohol Strengths in Beverages and Spirits Using Portable Raman Spectroscopy |
title_fullStr | Non-Destructive and Non-Invasive Measurement of Ethanol and Toxic Alcohol Strengths in Beverages and Spirits Using Portable Raman Spectroscopy |
title_full_unstemmed | Non-Destructive and Non-Invasive Measurement of Ethanol and Toxic Alcohol Strengths in Beverages and Spirits Using Portable Raman Spectroscopy |
title_short | Non-Destructive and Non-Invasive Measurement of Ethanol and Toxic Alcohol Strengths in Beverages and Spirits Using Portable Raman Spectroscopy |
title_sort | non-destructive and non-invasive measurement of ethanol and toxic alcohol strengths in beverages and spirits using portable raman spectroscopy |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9856296/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36671970 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios13010135 |
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