Oncotherapeutic Strategies in Early Onset Colorectal Cancer

SIMPLE SUMMARY: Early onset colorectal cancer (defined as colorectal cancer in those less than 50 years of age) is increasing in incidence worldwide. There are many risk factors for the development of early-onset colorectal cancer, including genetic predisposition syndromes, the disruption of gut microbiota, obesity, and inflammatory bowel disease. Due to a lack of awareness of this condition in both the medical and general community, there is often a delay in reaching this diagnosis; this leads to worse outcomes than are present among their older counterparts. This is a cohort with specific physical, emotional, social, and financial needs. The aim of this review is to discuss the etiology and treatment strategies for this patient group. ABSTRACT: Early onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC), defined as colorectal cancers in patients aged less than 50 years, is becoming an increasingly common issue, globally. Since 1994, the incidence of this condition has been rising by 2% annually. Approximately one in five patients under 50 years of age diagnosed with colorectal cancer have an underlying genetic predisposition syndrome. The detection of cancer among the other 80% of patients poses a considerable task, as there is no family history to advocate for commencing early screening in this group. Patients with EOCRC have distinct social, spiritual, fertility, and financial needs from their older counterparts that need to be addressed. This review discusses the risk factors associated with the development of EOCRC and current best practice for the management of this disease.