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Processing Real-Life Recordings of Facial Expressions of Polish Sign Language Using Action Units
Automatic translation between the national language and sign language is a complex process similar to translation between two different foreign languages. A very important aspect is the precision of not only manual gestures but also facial expressions, which are extremely important in the overall co...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9857566/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36673261 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e25010120 |
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author | Irasiak, Anna Kozak, Jan Piasecki, Adam Stęclik, Tomasz |
author_facet | Irasiak, Anna Kozak, Jan Piasecki, Adam Stęclik, Tomasz |
author_sort | Irasiak, Anna |
collection | PubMed |
description | Automatic translation between the national language and sign language is a complex process similar to translation between two different foreign languages. A very important aspect is the precision of not only manual gestures but also facial expressions, which are extremely important in the overall context of a sentence. In this article, we present the problem of including facial expressions in the automation of Polish-to-Polish Sign Language (PJM) translation—this is part of an ongoing project related to a comprehensive solution allowing for the animation of manual gestures, body movements and facial expressions. Our approach explores the possibility of using action unit (AU) recognition in the automatic annotation of recordings, which in the subsequent steps will be used to train machine learning models. This paper aims to evaluate entropy in real-life translation recordings and analyze the data associated with the detected action units. Our approach has been subjected to evaluation by experts related to Polish Sign Language, and the results obtained allow for the development of further work related to automatic translation into Polish Sign Language. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9857566 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-98575662023-01-21 Processing Real-Life Recordings of Facial Expressions of Polish Sign Language Using Action Units Irasiak, Anna Kozak, Jan Piasecki, Adam Stęclik, Tomasz Entropy (Basel) Article Automatic translation between the national language and sign language is a complex process similar to translation between two different foreign languages. A very important aspect is the precision of not only manual gestures but also facial expressions, which are extremely important in the overall context of a sentence. In this article, we present the problem of including facial expressions in the automation of Polish-to-Polish Sign Language (PJM) translation—this is part of an ongoing project related to a comprehensive solution allowing for the animation of manual gestures, body movements and facial expressions. Our approach explores the possibility of using action unit (AU) recognition in the automatic annotation of recordings, which in the subsequent steps will be used to train machine learning models. This paper aims to evaluate entropy in real-life translation recordings and analyze the data associated with the detected action units. Our approach has been subjected to evaluation by experts related to Polish Sign Language, and the results obtained allow for the development of further work related to automatic translation into Polish Sign Language. MDPI 2023-01-06 /pmc/articles/PMC9857566/ /pubmed/36673261 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e25010120 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Irasiak, Anna Kozak, Jan Piasecki, Adam Stęclik, Tomasz Processing Real-Life Recordings of Facial Expressions of Polish Sign Language Using Action Units |
title | Processing Real-Life Recordings of Facial Expressions of Polish Sign Language Using Action Units |
title_full | Processing Real-Life Recordings of Facial Expressions of Polish Sign Language Using Action Units |
title_fullStr | Processing Real-Life Recordings of Facial Expressions of Polish Sign Language Using Action Units |
title_full_unstemmed | Processing Real-Life Recordings of Facial Expressions of Polish Sign Language Using Action Units |
title_short | Processing Real-Life Recordings of Facial Expressions of Polish Sign Language Using Action Units |
title_sort | processing real-life recordings of facial expressions of polish sign language using action units |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9857566/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36673261 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e25010120 |
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