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Can One Series of Self-Organized Nanoripples Guide Another Series of Self-Organized Nanoripples during Ion Bombardment: From the Perspective of Power Spectral Density Entropy?

Ion bombardment (IB) is a promising nanofabrication tool for self-organized nanostructures. When ions bombard a nominally flat solid surface, self-organized nanoripples can be induced on the irradiated target surface, which are called intrinsic nanoripples of the target material. The degree of order...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Li, Hengbo, Li, Jinyu, Yang, Gaoyuan, Liu, Ying, Frost, Frank, Hong, Yilin
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9857890/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36673311
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e25010170
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author Li, Hengbo
Li, Jinyu
Yang, Gaoyuan
Liu, Ying
Frost, Frank
Hong, Yilin
author_facet Li, Hengbo
Li, Jinyu
Yang, Gaoyuan
Liu, Ying
Frost, Frank
Hong, Yilin
author_sort Li, Hengbo
collection PubMed
description Ion bombardment (IB) is a promising nanofabrication tool for self-organized nanostructures. When ions bombard a nominally flat solid surface, self-organized nanoripples can be induced on the irradiated target surface, which are called intrinsic nanoripples of the target material. The degree of ordering of nanoripples is an outstanding issue to be overcome, similar to other self-organization methods. In this study, the IB-induced nanoripples on bilayer systems with enhanced quality are revisited from the perspective of guided self-organization. First, power spectral density (PSD) entropy is introduced to evaluate the degree of ordering of the irradiated nanoripples, which is calculated based on the PSD curve of an atomic force microscopy image (i.e., the Fourier transform of the surface height. The PSD entropy can characterize the degree of ordering of nanoripples). The lower the PSD entropy of the nanoripples is, the higher the degree of ordering of the nanoripples. Second, to deepen the understanding of the enhanced quality of nanoripples on bilayer systems, the temporal evolution of the nanoripples on the photoresist (PR)/antireflection coating (ARC) and Au/ARC bilayer systems are compared with those of single PR and ARC layers. Finally, we demonstrate that a series of intrinsic IB-induced nanoripples on the top layer may act as a kind of self-organized template to guide the development of another series of latent IB-induced nanoripples on the underlying layer, aiming at improving the ripple ordering. The template with a self-organized nanostructure may alleviate the critical requirement for periodic templates with a small period of ~100 nm. The work may also provide inspiration for guided self-organization in other fields.
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spelling pubmed-98578902023-01-21 Can One Series of Self-Organized Nanoripples Guide Another Series of Self-Organized Nanoripples during Ion Bombardment: From the Perspective of Power Spectral Density Entropy? Li, Hengbo Li, Jinyu Yang, Gaoyuan Liu, Ying Frost, Frank Hong, Yilin Entropy (Basel) Article Ion bombardment (IB) is a promising nanofabrication tool for self-organized nanostructures. When ions bombard a nominally flat solid surface, self-organized nanoripples can be induced on the irradiated target surface, which are called intrinsic nanoripples of the target material. The degree of ordering of nanoripples is an outstanding issue to be overcome, similar to other self-organization methods. In this study, the IB-induced nanoripples on bilayer systems with enhanced quality are revisited from the perspective of guided self-organization. First, power spectral density (PSD) entropy is introduced to evaluate the degree of ordering of the irradiated nanoripples, which is calculated based on the PSD curve of an atomic force microscopy image (i.e., the Fourier transform of the surface height. The PSD entropy can characterize the degree of ordering of nanoripples). The lower the PSD entropy of the nanoripples is, the higher the degree of ordering of the nanoripples. Second, to deepen the understanding of the enhanced quality of nanoripples on bilayer systems, the temporal evolution of the nanoripples on the photoresist (PR)/antireflection coating (ARC) and Au/ARC bilayer systems are compared with those of single PR and ARC layers. Finally, we demonstrate that a series of intrinsic IB-induced nanoripples on the top layer may act as a kind of self-organized template to guide the development of another series of latent IB-induced nanoripples on the underlying layer, aiming at improving the ripple ordering. The template with a self-organized nanostructure may alleviate the critical requirement for periodic templates with a small period of ~100 nm. The work may also provide inspiration for guided self-organization in other fields. MDPI 2023-01-14 /pmc/articles/PMC9857890/ /pubmed/36673311 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e25010170 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Li, Hengbo
Li, Jinyu
Yang, Gaoyuan
Liu, Ying
Frost, Frank
Hong, Yilin
Can One Series of Self-Organized Nanoripples Guide Another Series of Self-Organized Nanoripples during Ion Bombardment: From the Perspective of Power Spectral Density Entropy?
title Can One Series of Self-Organized Nanoripples Guide Another Series of Self-Organized Nanoripples during Ion Bombardment: From the Perspective of Power Spectral Density Entropy?
title_full Can One Series of Self-Organized Nanoripples Guide Another Series of Self-Organized Nanoripples during Ion Bombardment: From the Perspective of Power Spectral Density Entropy?
title_fullStr Can One Series of Self-Organized Nanoripples Guide Another Series of Self-Organized Nanoripples during Ion Bombardment: From the Perspective of Power Spectral Density Entropy?
title_full_unstemmed Can One Series of Self-Organized Nanoripples Guide Another Series of Self-Organized Nanoripples during Ion Bombardment: From the Perspective of Power Spectral Density Entropy?
title_short Can One Series of Self-Organized Nanoripples Guide Another Series of Self-Organized Nanoripples during Ion Bombardment: From the Perspective of Power Spectral Density Entropy?
title_sort can one series of self-organized nanoripples guide another series of self-organized nanoripples during ion bombardment: from the perspective of power spectral density entropy?
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9857890/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36673311
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e25010170
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