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The Role of Glucocorticoids in Breast Cancer Therapy
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive steroid molecules secreted by the adrenal gland and regulated by the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis. GCs present a circadian release pattern under normal conditions; they increase their release under stress conditions. Thei...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9858160/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36661673 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/curroncol30010024 |
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author | Mitre-Aguilar, Irma B. Moreno-Mitre, Daniel Melendez-Zajgla, Jorge Maldonado, Vilma Jacobo-Herrera, Nadia J. Ramirez-Gonzalez, Victoria Mendoza-Almanza, Gretel |
author_facet | Mitre-Aguilar, Irma B. Moreno-Mitre, Daniel Melendez-Zajgla, Jorge Maldonado, Vilma Jacobo-Herrera, Nadia J. Ramirez-Gonzalez, Victoria Mendoza-Almanza, Gretel |
author_sort | Mitre-Aguilar, Irma B. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Glucocorticoids (GCs) are anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive steroid molecules secreted by the adrenal gland and regulated by the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis. GCs present a circadian release pattern under normal conditions; they increase their release under stress conditions. Their mechanism of action can be via the receptor-independent or receptor-dependent pathway. The receptor-dependent pathway translocates to the nucleus, where the ligand-receptor complex binds to specific sequences in the DNA to modulate the transcription of specific genes. The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and its endogenous ligand cortisol (CORT) in humans, and corticosterone in rodents or its exogenous ligand, dexamethasone (DEX), have been extensively studied in breast cancer. Its clinical utility in oncology has mainly focused on using DEX as an antiemetic to prevent chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. In this review, we compile the results reported in the literature in recent years, highlighting current trends and unresolved controversies in this field. Specifically, in breast cancer, GR is considered a marker of poor prognosis, and a therapeutic target for the triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) subtype, and efforts are being made to develop better GR antagonists with fewer side effects. It is necessary to know the type of breast cancer to differentiate the treatment for estrogen receptor (ER)-positive, ER-negative, and TNBC, to implement therapies that include the use of GCs. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9858160 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-98581602023-01-21 The Role of Glucocorticoids in Breast Cancer Therapy Mitre-Aguilar, Irma B. Moreno-Mitre, Daniel Melendez-Zajgla, Jorge Maldonado, Vilma Jacobo-Herrera, Nadia J. Ramirez-Gonzalez, Victoria Mendoza-Almanza, Gretel Curr Oncol Review Glucocorticoids (GCs) are anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive steroid molecules secreted by the adrenal gland and regulated by the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis. GCs present a circadian release pattern under normal conditions; they increase their release under stress conditions. Their mechanism of action can be via the receptor-independent or receptor-dependent pathway. The receptor-dependent pathway translocates to the nucleus, where the ligand-receptor complex binds to specific sequences in the DNA to modulate the transcription of specific genes. The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and its endogenous ligand cortisol (CORT) in humans, and corticosterone in rodents or its exogenous ligand, dexamethasone (DEX), have been extensively studied in breast cancer. Its clinical utility in oncology has mainly focused on using DEX as an antiemetic to prevent chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. In this review, we compile the results reported in the literature in recent years, highlighting current trends and unresolved controversies in this field. Specifically, in breast cancer, GR is considered a marker of poor prognosis, and a therapeutic target for the triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) subtype, and efforts are being made to develop better GR antagonists with fewer side effects. It is necessary to know the type of breast cancer to differentiate the treatment for estrogen receptor (ER)-positive, ER-negative, and TNBC, to implement therapies that include the use of GCs. MDPI 2022-12-25 /pmc/articles/PMC9858160/ /pubmed/36661673 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/curroncol30010024 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Mitre-Aguilar, Irma B. Moreno-Mitre, Daniel Melendez-Zajgla, Jorge Maldonado, Vilma Jacobo-Herrera, Nadia J. Ramirez-Gonzalez, Victoria Mendoza-Almanza, Gretel The Role of Glucocorticoids in Breast Cancer Therapy |
title | The Role of Glucocorticoids in Breast Cancer Therapy |
title_full | The Role of Glucocorticoids in Breast Cancer Therapy |
title_fullStr | The Role of Glucocorticoids in Breast Cancer Therapy |
title_full_unstemmed | The Role of Glucocorticoids in Breast Cancer Therapy |
title_short | The Role of Glucocorticoids in Breast Cancer Therapy |
title_sort | role of glucocorticoids in breast cancer therapy |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9858160/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36661673 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/curroncol30010024 |
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