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Coronary Flow Velocity Reserve by Echocardiography: Beyond Atherosclerotic Disease

Coronary flow velocity reserve (CFVR) is defined as the ratio between coronary flow velocity during maximal hyperemia and coronary flow at rest. Gold-standard techniques to measure CFVR are either invasive or require radiation and are therefore inappropriate for large-scale adoption. More than 30 ye...

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Autores principales: Civieri, Giovanni, Montisci, Roberta, Kerkhof, Peter L. M., Iliceto, Sabino, Tona, Francesco
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9858233/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36673004
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13020193
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author Civieri, Giovanni
Montisci, Roberta
Kerkhof, Peter L. M.
Iliceto, Sabino
Tona, Francesco
author_facet Civieri, Giovanni
Montisci, Roberta
Kerkhof, Peter L. M.
Iliceto, Sabino
Tona, Francesco
author_sort Civieri, Giovanni
collection PubMed
description Coronary flow velocity reserve (CFVR) is defined as the ratio between coronary flow velocity during maximal hyperemia and coronary flow at rest. Gold-standard techniques to measure CFVR are either invasive or require radiation and are therefore inappropriate for large-scale adoption. More than 30 years ago, echocardiography was demonstrated to be a reliable tool to assess CFVR, and its field of application rapidly expanded. Although initially validated to assess the hemodynamic relevance of a coronary stenosis, CFVR by echocardiography was later used to investigate coronary microcirculation. Microvascular dysfunction was detected in many different conditions, ranging from organ transplantation to inflammatory disorders and from metabolic diseases to cardiomyopathies. Moreover, it has been proven that CFVR by echocardiography not only detects coronary microvascular involvement but is also an effective prognostic factor that allows a precise risk stratification of the patients. In this review, we will summarize the many applications of CFVR by echocardiography, focusing on the coronary involvement of systemic diseases.
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spelling pubmed-98582332023-01-21 Coronary Flow Velocity Reserve by Echocardiography: Beyond Atherosclerotic Disease Civieri, Giovanni Montisci, Roberta Kerkhof, Peter L. M. Iliceto, Sabino Tona, Francesco Diagnostics (Basel) Review Coronary flow velocity reserve (CFVR) is defined as the ratio between coronary flow velocity during maximal hyperemia and coronary flow at rest. Gold-standard techniques to measure CFVR are either invasive or require radiation and are therefore inappropriate for large-scale adoption. More than 30 years ago, echocardiography was demonstrated to be a reliable tool to assess CFVR, and its field of application rapidly expanded. Although initially validated to assess the hemodynamic relevance of a coronary stenosis, CFVR by echocardiography was later used to investigate coronary microcirculation. Microvascular dysfunction was detected in many different conditions, ranging from organ transplantation to inflammatory disorders and from metabolic diseases to cardiomyopathies. Moreover, it has been proven that CFVR by echocardiography not only detects coronary microvascular involvement but is also an effective prognostic factor that allows a precise risk stratification of the patients. In this review, we will summarize the many applications of CFVR by echocardiography, focusing on the coronary involvement of systemic diseases. MDPI 2023-01-05 /pmc/articles/PMC9858233/ /pubmed/36673004 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13020193 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Civieri, Giovanni
Montisci, Roberta
Kerkhof, Peter L. M.
Iliceto, Sabino
Tona, Francesco
Coronary Flow Velocity Reserve by Echocardiography: Beyond Atherosclerotic Disease
title Coronary Flow Velocity Reserve by Echocardiography: Beyond Atherosclerotic Disease
title_full Coronary Flow Velocity Reserve by Echocardiography: Beyond Atherosclerotic Disease
title_fullStr Coronary Flow Velocity Reserve by Echocardiography: Beyond Atherosclerotic Disease
title_full_unstemmed Coronary Flow Velocity Reserve by Echocardiography: Beyond Atherosclerotic Disease
title_short Coronary Flow Velocity Reserve by Echocardiography: Beyond Atherosclerotic Disease
title_sort coronary flow velocity reserve by echocardiography: beyond atherosclerotic disease
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9858233/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36673004
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13020193
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