Cargando…

Determination of Selected Harmful Substances in Baby Diapers Available on the South African Market

Baby diaper rash is a common problem, especially allergic contact dermatitis, which could be due to heavy metals, pH, formaldehyde, or allergens in the diapers. This study reports on the determination of formaldehyde, heavy metals (Pb, As, Co, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mn, Sr, Fe, and Cd), and pH in diapers p...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Nyamukamba, Pardon, Mququ, Zethu, Nkosi, Sandile, Isaacs, Shamil
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9858694/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36673779
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20021023
_version_ 1784874166767321088
author Nyamukamba, Pardon
Mququ, Zethu
Nkosi, Sandile
Isaacs, Shamil
author_facet Nyamukamba, Pardon
Mququ, Zethu
Nkosi, Sandile
Isaacs, Shamil
author_sort Nyamukamba, Pardon
collection PubMed
description Baby diaper rash is a common problem, especially allergic contact dermatitis, which could be due to heavy metals, pH, formaldehyde, or allergens in the diapers. This study reports on the determination of formaldehyde, heavy metals (Pb, As, Co, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mn, Sr, Fe, and Cd), and pH in diapers purchased from low-, medium-, and high-end stores. Inductively coupled plasma was used to determine the concentrations of heavy metals after extraction using artificial urine and artificial sweat. All heavy metals were found in all diapers except Sr, which was not found in sample M7. All samples had concentrations of heavy metals within the Oeko-Tex limits, except samples H2 and L2, whose Ni concentrations were above permissible limits. Fifty percent of diapers had a formaldehyde concentration above the Oeko-Tex recommended limits. The highest formaldehyde concentration of 17.62 mg/kg was found in diaper M2 and the lowest (ca. 10.4 mg/kg) in H1. All samples had pH values in the alkaline region, with only five samples having pH values within the recommended limits. The research concluded that the diaper rash experienced by some babies, among other factors, could be due to high alkaline skin pH and formaldehyde levels, which are higher than the Oeko-Tex recommended limits.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-9858694
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2023
publisher MDPI
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-98586942023-01-21 Determination of Selected Harmful Substances in Baby Diapers Available on the South African Market Nyamukamba, Pardon Mququ, Zethu Nkosi, Sandile Isaacs, Shamil Int J Environ Res Public Health Article Baby diaper rash is a common problem, especially allergic contact dermatitis, which could be due to heavy metals, pH, formaldehyde, or allergens in the diapers. This study reports on the determination of formaldehyde, heavy metals (Pb, As, Co, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mn, Sr, Fe, and Cd), and pH in diapers purchased from low-, medium-, and high-end stores. Inductively coupled plasma was used to determine the concentrations of heavy metals after extraction using artificial urine and artificial sweat. All heavy metals were found in all diapers except Sr, which was not found in sample M7. All samples had concentrations of heavy metals within the Oeko-Tex limits, except samples H2 and L2, whose Ni concentrations were above permissible limits. Fifty percent of diapers had a formaldehyde concentration above the Oeko-Tex recommended limits. The highest formaldehyde concentration of 17.62 mg/kg was found in diaper M2 and the lowest (ca. 10.4 mg/kg) in H1. All samples had pH values in the alkaline region, with only five samples having pH values within the recommended limits. The research concluded that the diaper rash experienced by some babies, among other factors, could be due to high alkaline skin pH and formaldehyde levels, which are higher than the Oeko-Tex recommended limits. MDPI 2023-01-06 /pmc/articles/PMC9858694/ /pubmed/36673779 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20021023 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Nyamukamba, Pardon
Mququ, Zethu
Nkosi, Sandile
Isaacs, Shamil
Determination of Selected Harmful Substances in Baby Diapers Available on the South African Market
title Determination of Selected Harmful Substances in Baby Diapers Available on the South African Market
title_full Determination of Selected Harmful Substances in Baby Diapers Available on the South African Market
title_fullStr Determination of Selected Harmful Substances in Baby Diapers Available on the South African Market
title_full_unstemmed Determination of Selected Harmful Substances in Baby Diapers Available on the South African Market
title_short Determination of Selected Harmful Substances in Baby Diapers Available on the South African Market
title_sort determination of selected harmful substances in baby diapers available on the south african market
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9858694/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36673779
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20021023
work_keys_str_mv AT nyamukambapardon determinationofselectedharmfulsubstancesinbabydiapersavailableonthesouthafricanmarket
AT mququzethu determinationofselectedharmfulsubstancesinbabydiapersavailableonthesouthafricanmarket
AT nkosisandile determinationofselectedharmfulsubstancesinbabydiapersavailableonthesouthafricanmarket
AT isaacsshamil determinationofselectedharmfulsubstancesinbabydiapersavailableonthesouthafricanmarket