Cargando…

Evidence on Neurotoxicity after Intrauterine and Childhood Exposure to Organomercurials

Although the molecular mechanisms underlying methylmercury toxicity are not entirely understood, the observed neurotoxicity in early-life is attributed to the covalent binding of methylmercury to sulfhydryl (thiol) groups of proteins and other molecules being able to affect protein post-translationa...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Azevedo, Lara Ferreira, Karpova, Nina, Rocha, Bruno Alves, Barbosa Junior, Fernando, Gobe, Glenda Carolyn, Hornos Carneiro, Maria Fernanda
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9858833/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36673825
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20021070
_version_ 1784874203244134400
author Azevedo, Lara Ferreira
Karpova, Nina
Rocha, Bruno Alves
Barbosa Junior, Fernando
Gobe, Glenda Carolyn
Hornos Carneiro, Maria Fernanda
author_facet Azevedo, Lara Ferreira
Karpova, Nina
Rocha, Bruno Alves
Barbosa Junior, Fernando
Gobe, Glenda Carolyn
Hornos Carneiro, Maria Fernanda
author_sort Azevedo, Lara Ferreira
collection PubMed
description Although the molecular mechanisms underlying methylmercury toxicity are not entirely understood, the observed neurotoxicity in early-life is attributed to the covalent binding of methylmercury to sulfhydryl (thiol) groups of proteins and other molecules being able to affect protein post-translational modifications from numerous molecular pathways, such as glutamate signaling, heat-shock chaperones and the antioxidant glutaredoxin/glutathione system. However, for other organomercurials such as ethylmercury or thimerosal, there is not much information available. Therefore, this review critically discusses current knowledge about organomercurials neurotoxicity—both methylmercury and ethylmercury—following intrauterine and childhood exposure, as well as the prospects and future needs for research in this area. Contrasting with the amount of epidemiological evidence available for methylmercury, there are only a few in vivo studies reporting neurotoxic outcomes and mechanisms of toxicity for ethylmercury or thimerosal. There is also a lack of studies on mechanistic approaches to better investigate the pathways involved in the potential neurotoxicity caused by both organomercurials. More impactful follow-up studies, especially following intrauterine and childhood exposure to ethylmercury, are necessary. Childhood vaccination is critically important for controlling infectious diseases; however, the safety of mercury-containing thimerosal and, notably, its effectiveness as preservative in vaccines are still under debate regarding its potential dose-response effects to the central nervous system.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-9858833
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2023
publisher MDPI
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-98588332023-01-21 Evidence on Neurotoxicity after Intrauterine and Childhood Exposure to Organomercurials Azevedo, Lara Ferreira Karpova, Nina Rocha, Bruno Alves Barbosa Junior, Fernando Gobe, Glenda Carolyn Hornos Carneiro, Maria Fernanda Int J Environ Res Public Health Review Although the molecular mechanisms underlying methylmercury toxicity are not entirely understood, the observed neurotoxicity in early-life is attributed to the covalent binding of methylmercury to sulfhydryl (thiol) groups of proteins and other molecules being able to affect protein post-translational modifications from numerous molecular pathways, such as glutamate signaling, heat-shock chaperones and the antioxidant glutaredoxin/glutathione system. However, for other organomercurials such as ethylmercury or thimerosal, there is not much information available. Therefore, this review critically discusses current knowledge about organomercurials neurotoxicity—both methylmercury and ethylmercury—following intrauterine and childhood exposure, as well as the prospects and future needs for research in this area. Contrasting with the amount of epidemiological evidence available for methylmercury, there are only a few in vivo studies reporting neurotoxic outcomes and mechanisms of toxicity for ethylmercury or thimerosal. There is also a lack of studies on mechanistic approaches to better investigate the pathways involved in the potential neurotoxicity caused by both organomercurials. More impactful follow-up studies, especially following intrauterine and childhood exposure to ethylmercury, are necessary. Childhood vaccination is critically important for controlling infectious diseases; however, the safety of mercury-containing thimerosal and, notably, its effectiveness as preservative in vaccines are still under debate regarding its potential dose-response effects to the central nervous system. MDPI 2023-01-07 /pmc/articles/PMC9858833/ /pubmed/36673825 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20021070 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Azevedo, Lara Ferreira
Karpova, Nina
Rocha, Bruno Alves
Barbosa Junior, Fernando
Gobe, Glenda Carolyn
Hornos Carneiro, Maria Fernanda
Evidence on Neurotoxicity after Intrauterine and Childhood Exposure to Organomercurials
title Evidence on Neurotoxicity after Intrauterine and Childhood Exposure to Organomercurials
title_full Evidence on Neurotoxicity after Intrauterine and Childhood Exposure to Organomercurials
title_fullStr Evidence on Neurotoxicity after Intrauterine and Childhood Exposure to Organomercurials
title_full_unstemmed Evidence on Neurotoxicity after Intrauterine and Childhood Exposure to Organomercurials
title_short Evidence on Neurotoxicity after Intrauterine and Childhood Exposure to Organomercurials
title_sort evidence on neurotoxicity after intrauterine and childhood exposure to organomercurials
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9858833/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36673825
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20021070
work_keys_str_mv AT azevedolaraferreira evidenceonneurotoxicityafterintrauterineandchildhoodexposuretoorganomercurials
AT karpovanina evidenceonneurotoxicityafterintrauterineandchildhoodexposuretoorganomercurials
AT rochabrunoalves evidenceonneurotoxicityafterintrauterineandchildhoodexposuretoorganomercurials
AT barbosajuniorfernando evidenceonneurotoxicityafterintrauterineandchildhoodexposuretoorganomercurials
AT gobeglendacarolyn evidenceonneurotoxicityafterintrauterineandchildhoodexposuretoorganomercurials
AT hornoscarneiromariafernanda evidenceonneurotoxicityafterintrauterineandchildhoodexposuretoorganomercurials