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Psychrophilic Yeasts: Insights into Their Adaptability to Extremely Cold Environments

Psychrophilic yeasts are distributed widely on Earth and have developed adaptation strategies to overcome the effect of low temperatures. They can adapt to low temperatures better than bacteriophyta. However, to date, their whole-genome sequences have been limited to the analysis of single strains o...

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Autores principales: Liu, Haisheng, Zheng, Guiliang, Chen, Zhongwei, Ding, Xiaoya, Wu, Jinran, Zhang, Haili, Jia, Shulei
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9859383/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36672901
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes14010158
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author Liu, Haisheng
Zheng, Guiliang
Chen, Zhongwei
Ding, Xiaoya
Wu, Jinran
Zhang, Haili
Jia, Shulei
author_facet Liu, Haisheng
Zheng, Guiliang
Chen, Zhongwei
Ding, Xiaoya
Wu, Jinran
Zhang, Haili
Jia, Shulei
author_sort Liu, Haisheng
collection PubMed
description Psychrophilic yeasts are distributed widely on Earth and have developed adaptation strategies to overcome the effect of low temperatures. They can adapt to low temperatures better than bacteriophyta. However, to date, their whole-genome sequences have been limited to the analysis of single strains of psychrophilic yeasts, which cannot be used to reveal their possible psychrophilic mechanisms to adapt to low temperatures accurately and comprehensively. This study aimed to compare different sources of psychrophilic yeasts at the genomic level and investigate their cold-adaptability mechanisms in a comprehensive manner. Nine genomes of known psychrophilic yeasts and three representative genomes of mesophilic yeasts were collected and annotated. Comparative genomic analysis was performed to compare the differences in their signaling pathways, metabolic regulations, evolution, and psychrophilic genes. The results showed that fatty acid desaturase coding genes are universal and diverse in psychophilic yeasts, and different numbers of these genes exist (delta 6, delta 9, delta 12, and delta 15) in the genomes of various psychrophilic yeasts. Therefore, they can synthesize polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in a variety of ways and may be able to enhance the fluidity of cell membranes at low temperatures by synthesizing C18:3 or C18:4 PUFAs, thereby ensuring their ability to adapt to low-temperature environments. However, mesophilic yeasts have lost most of these genes. In this study, psychrophilic yeasts could adapt to low temperatures primarily by synthesizing PUFAs and diverse antifreeze proteins. A comparison of more psychrophilic yeasts’ genomes will be useful for the study of their psychrophilic mechanisms, given the presence of additional potential psychrophilic-related genes in the genomes of psychrophilic yeasts. This study provides a reference for the study of the psychrophilic mechanisms of psychrophilic yeasts.
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spelling pubmed-98593832023-01-21 Psychrophilic Yeasts: Insights into Their Adaptability to Extremely Cold Environments Liu, Haisheng Zheng, Guiliang Chen, Zhongwei Ding, Xiaoya Wu, Jinran Zhang, Haili Jia, Shulei Genes (Basel) Article Psychrophilic yeasts are distributed widely on Earth and have developed adaptation strategies to overcome the effect of low temperatures. They can adapt to low temperatures better than bacteriophyta. However, to date, their whole-genome sequences have been limited to the analysis of single strains of psychrophilic yeasts, which cannot be used to reveal their possible psychrophilic mechanisms to adapt to low temperatures accurately and comprehensively. This study aimed to compare different sources of psychrophilic yeasts at the genomic level and investigate their cold-adaptability mechanisms in a comprehensive manner. Nine genomes of known psychrophilic yeasts and three representative genomes of mesophilic yeasts were collected and annotated. Comparative genomic analysis was performed to compare the differences in their signaling pathways, metabolic regulations, evolution, and psychrophilic genes. The results showed that fatty acid desaturase coding genes are universal and diverse in psychophilic yeasts, and different numbers of these genes exist (delta 6, delta 9, delta 12, and delta 15) in the genomes of various psychrophilic yeasts. Therefore, they can synthesize polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in a variety of ways and may be able to enhance the fluidity of cell membranes at low temperatures by synthesizing C18:3 or C18:4 PUFAs, thereby ensuring their ability to adapt to low-temperature environments. However, mesophilic yeasts have lost most of these genes. In this study, psychrophilic yeasts could adapt to low temperatures primarily by synthesizing PUFAs and diverse antifreeze proteins. A comparison of more psychrophilic yeasts’ genomes will be useful for the study of their psychrophilic mechanisms, given the presence of additional potential psychrophilic-related genes in the genomes of psychrophilic yeasts. This study provides a reference for the study of the psychrophilic mechanisms of psychrophilic yeasts. MDPI 2023-01-06 /pmc/articles/PMC9859383/ /pubmed/36672901 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes14010158 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Liu, Haisheng
Zheng, Guiliang
Chen, Zhongwei
Ding, Xiaoya
Wu, Jinran
Zhang, Haili
Jia, Shulei
Psychrophilic Yeasts: Insights into Their Adaptability to Extremely Cold Environments
title Psychrophilic Yeasts: Insights into Their Adaptability to Extremely Cold Environments
title_full Psychrophilic Yeasts: Insights into Their Adaptability to Extremely Cold Environments
title_fullStr Psychrophilic Yeasts: Insights into Their Adaptability to Extremely Cold Environments
title_full_unstemmed Psychrophilic Yeasts: Insights into Their Adaptability to Extremely Cold Environments
title_short Psychrophilic Yeasts: Insights into Their Adaptability to Extremely Cold Environments
title_sort psychrophilic yeasts: insights into their adaptability to extremely cold environments
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9859383/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36672901
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes14010158
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