Association between Social Participation and Remaining Teeth and Urban–Rural Difference among Older Adults in China

Oral health is an important part of older adults’ general health. The study examined the association between social participation (formal and informal) and remaining teeth and the urban–rural difference based on a national survey of older adults in China. The data of older adults were extracted from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) and analyzed. A total of 11,948 respondents were ultimately involved, including 6836 urban respondents and 5112 rural respondents. Informal social participation and formal social participation were used to assess social participation. The number of remaining natural teeth was measured. Social participation was significantly associated with remaining teeth among older adults, after adjusting for confounders, a one-level increase in the informal social participation was associated with a decrease in natural teeth by 0.152 (95% CI = −0.274; −0.030) and a one-level increase in the formal social participation was associated with a decrease in natural teeth by 0.370 (95% CI = −0.585; −0.156). In addition, the association between social participation (formal and informal) and remaining teeth was observed among urban older adults, but not rural older adults. A high level of social participation may effectively decrease the risk of oral-health problems for the Chinese older adults. The findings suggest recommendations for an older adults-targeted policy and the practice of oral-health promotion. However, the urban–rural difference should be taken into full consideration in social-participation-driven oral-health promotion interventions.