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Improved Trends in the Mortality-to-Incidence Ratios for Liver Cancer in Countries with High Development Index and Health Expenditures

Primary liver cancer is one of the leading causes of death globally. Liver cancer has a unique geographical distribution, as its etiologies include chronic viral infections and aging. We hypothesize that the human development index (HDI), current health expenditure (CHE) per capita, and CHE-to-gross...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Su, Chang-Cheng, Chen, Brian-Shiian, Chen, Hsin-Hung, Sung, Wen-Wei, Wang, Chi-Chih, Tsai, Ming-Chang
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9859532/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36673528
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11020159
Descripción
Sumario:Primary liver cancer is one of the leading causes of death globally. Liver cancer has a unique geographical distribution, as its etiologies include chronic viral infections and aging. We hypothesize that the human development index (HDI), current health expenditure (CHE) per capita, and CHE-to-gross domestic product ratio (CHE/GDP) influence the incidence, mortality, and mortality-to-incidence ratios (MIRs) of liver cancer worldwide. Data were obtained from the Global Cancer Observatory (GLOBOCAN) database and the World Health Organization. MIRs and the changes in MIR over time (δMIR) were used to evaluate the correlation of expenditures on healthcare and the HDI disparities via Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. The crude incidence and mortality were significantly associated with HDI, CHE per capita, and CHE/GDP. Specifically, there were significant associations between δMIR and HDI, as well as between δMIR and CHE per capita. However, there were no significant associations between δMIR and CHE/GDP. Evidently, a favorable liver cancer δMIR was not associated with CHE/GDP, although it had a significant association with HDI and CHE per capita. These results are worthy of the attention of public health systems in correlation to improved outcomes in liver cancer.