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Gas6/TAM Axis Involvement in Modulating Inflammation and Fibrosis in COVID-19 Patients
Gas6 (growth arrest-specific gene 6) is a widely expressed vitamin K-dependent protein that is involved in many biological processes such as homeostatic regulation, inflammation and repair/fibrotic processes. It is known that it is the main ligand of TAMs, a tyrosine kinase receptor family of three...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9861142/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36674471 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24020951 |
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author | Rizzi, Manuela Tonello, Stelvio D’Onghia, Davide Sainaghi, Pier Paolo |
author_facet | Rizzi, Manuela Tonello, Stelvio D’Onghia, Davide Sainaghi, Pier Paolo |
author_sort | Rizzi, Manuela |
collection | PubMed |
description | Gas6 (growth arrest-specific gene 6) is a widely expressed vitamin K-dependent protein that is involved in many biological processes such as homeostatic regulation, inflammation and repair/fibrotic processes. It is known that it is the main ligand of TAMs, a tyrosine kinase receptor family of three members, namely MerTK, Tyro-3 and Axl, for which it displays the highest affinity. Gas6/TAM axis activation is known to be involved in modulating inflammatory responses as well as fibrotic evolution in many different pathological conditions. Due to the rapidly evolving COVID-19 pandemic, this review will focus on Gas6/TAM axis activation in SARS-CoV-2 infection, where de-regulated inflammatory responses and fibrosis represent a relevant feature of severe disease manifestation. Furthermore, this review will highlight the most recent scientific evidence supporting an unsuspected role of Axl as a SARS-CoV-2 infection driver, and the potential therapeutic advantages of the use of existing Axl inhibitors in COVID-19 management. From a physiological point of view, the Gas6/TAM axis plays a dual role, fostering the tissue repair processes or leading to organ damage and loss of function, depending on the prevalence of its anti-inflammatory or profibrotic properties. This review makes a strong case for further research focusing on the Gas6/TAM axis as a pharmacological target to manage different disease conditions, such as chronic fibrosis or COVID-19. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9861142 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-98611422023-01-22 Gas6/TAM Axis Involvement in Modulating Inflammation and Fibrosis in COVID-19 Patients Rizzi, Manuela Tonello, Stelvio D’Onghia, Davide Sainaghi, Pier Paolo Int J Mol Sci Review Gas6 (growth arrest-specific gene 6) is a widely expressed vitamin K-dependent protein that is involved in many biological processes such as homeostatic regulation, inflammation and repair/fibrotic processes. It is known that it is the main ligand of TAMs, a tyrosine kinase receptor family of three members, namely MerTK, Tyro-3 and Axl, for which it displays the highest affinity. Gas6/TAM axis activation is known to be involved in modulating inflammatory responses as well as fibrotic evolution in many different pathological conditions. Due to the rapidly evolving COVID-19 pandemic, this review will focus on Gas6/TAM axis activation in SARS-CoV-2 infection, where de-regulated inflammatory responses and fibrosis represent a relevant feature of severe disease manifestation. Furthermore, this review will highlight the most recent scientific evidence supporting an unsuspected role of Axl as a SARS-CoV-2 infection driver, and the potential therapeutic advantages of the use of existing Axl inhibitors in COVID-19 management. From a physiological point of view, the Gas6/TAM axis plays a dual role, fostering the tissue repair processes or leading to organ damage and loss of function, depending on the prevalence of its anti-inflammatory or profibrotic properties. This review makes a strong case for further research focusing on the Gas6/TAM axis as a pharmacological target to manage different disease conditions, such as chronic fibrosis or COVID-19. MDPI 2023-01-04 /pmc/articles/PMC9861142/ /pubmed/36674471 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24020951 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Rizzi, Manuela Tonello, Stelvio D’Onghia, Davide Sainaghi, Pier Paolo Gas6/TAM Axis Involvement in Modulating Inflammation and Fibrosis in COVID-19 Patients |
title | Gas6/TAM Axis Involvement in Modulating Inflammation and Fibrosis in COVID-19 Patients |
title_full | Gas6/TAM Axis Involvement in Modulating Inflammation and Fibrosis in COVID-19 Patients |
title_fullStr | Gas6/TAM Axis Involvement in Modulating Inflammation and Fibrosis in COVID-19 Patients |
title_full_unstemmed | Gas6/TAM Axis Involvement in Modulating Inflammation and Fibrosis in COVID-19 Patients |
title_short | Gas6/TAM Axis Involvement in Modulating Inflammation and Fibrosis in COVID-19 Patients |
title_sort | gas6/tam axis involvement in modulating inflammation and fibrosis in covid-19 patients |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9861142/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36674471 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24020951 |
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