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Effect of Gear Ratio and Cadence on Gross Efficiency and Pedal Force Effectiveness during Multistage Graded Cycling Test Using a Road Racing Bicycle
Gross efficiency (GE) and the index of pedal force effectiveness (IFE) are important factors that enhance cyclists’ performance; however, the effects of changing pedal force (gear ratio) and cadence on these indices while riding on a road racing bicycle are poorly investigated. This study aimed to e...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9861615/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36668709 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sports11010005 |
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author | Kamba, Mutsumi Naito, Hisashi Ozaki, Hayao Machida, Shuichi Katamoto, Shizuo |
author_facet | Kamba, Mutsumi Naito, Hisashi Ozaki, Hayao Machida, Shuichi Katamoto, Shizuo |
author_sort | Kamba, Mutsumi |
collection | PubMed |
description | Gross efficiency (GE) and the index of pedal force effectiveness (IFE) are important factors that enhance cyclists’ performance; however, the effects of changing pedal force (gear ratio) and cadence on these indices while riding on a road racing bicycle are poorly investigated. This study aimed to examine the effect of changing gear ratio or cadence on GE and IFE using a road racing bicycle. Nine male cyclists completed graded submaximal cycling tests (five stages of 4 min submaximal cycling sessions with 1 min passive rest intervals). The work rate of each stage was determined using two principles: changing gear ratio at a fixed cadence and changing cadence at a fixed gear ratio. We determined GE and IFE using respiratory variables and pedal reaction forces, respectively. Increasing the gear ratio improved GE, and was associated with the IFE. Although increasing the cadence slightly improved GE from the initial level, the increased values then mostly maintained. IFE was almost stable even when cadence increased. Moreover, no significant correlation was observed between the changes in GE and IFE accompanied by increasing cadence. Our data indicate that an increasing gear ratio, but not cadence, may affect GE and IFE while riding on a road racing bicycle. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9861615 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-98616152023-01-22 Effect of Gear Ratio and Cadence on Gross Efficiency and Pedal Force Effectiveness during Multistage Graded Cycling Test Using a Road Racing Bicycle Kamba, Mutsumi Naito, Hisashi Ozaki, Hayao Machida, Shuichi Katamoto, Shizuo Sports (Basel) Article Gross efficiency (GE) and the index of pedal force effectiveness (IFE) are important factors that enhance cyclists’ performance; however, the effects of changing pedal force (gear ratio) and cadence on these indices while riding on a road racing bicycle are poorly investigated. This study aimed to examine the effect of changing gear ratio or cadence on GE and IFE using a road racing bicycle. Nine male cyclists completed graded submaximal cycling tests (five stages of 4 min submaximal cycling sessions with 1 min passive rest intervals). The work rate of each stage was determined using two principles: changing gear ratio at a fixed cadence and changing cadence at a fixed gear ratio. We determined GE and IFE using respiratory variables and pedal reaction forces, respectively. Increasing the gear ratio improved GE, and was associated with the IFE. Although increasing the cadence slightly improved GE from the initial level, the increased values then mostly maintained. IFE was almost stable even when cadence increased. Moreover, no significant correlation was observed between the changes in GE and IFE accompanied by increasing cadence. Our data indicate that an increasing gear ratio, but not cadence, may affect GE and IFE while riding on a road racing bicycle. MDPI 2022-12-23 /pmc/articles/PMC9861615/ /pubmed/36668709 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sports11010005 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Kamba, Mutsumi Naito, Hisashi Ozaki, Hayao Machida, Shuichi Katamoto, Shizuo Effect of Gear Ratio and Cadence on Gross Efficiency and Pedal Force Effectiveness during Multistage Graded Cycling Test Using a Road Racing Bicycle |
title | Effect of Gear Ratio and Cadence on Gross Efficiency and Pedal Force Effectiveness during Multistage Graded Cycling Test Using a Road Racing Bicycle |
title_full | Effect of Gear Ratio and Cadence on Gross Efficiency and Pedal Force Effectiveness during Multistage Graded Cycling Test Using a Road Racing Bicycle |
title_fullStr | Effect of Gear Ratio and Cadence on Gross Efficiency and Pedal Force Effectiveness during Multistage Graded Cycling Test Using a Road Racing Bicycle |
title_full_unstemmed | Effect of Gear Ratio and Cadence on Gross Efficiency and Pedal Force Effectiveness during Multistage Graded Cycling Test Using a Road Racing Bicycle |
title_short | Effect of Gear Ratio and Cadence on Gross Efficiency and Pedal Force Effectiveness during Multistage Graded Cycling Test Using a Road Racing Bicycle |
title_sort | effect of gear ratio and cadence on gross efficiency and pedal force effectiveness during multistage graded cycling test using a road racing bicycle |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9861615/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36668709 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sports11010005 |
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