Crack Shape Coefficient: Comparison between Different DFOS Tools Embedded for Crack Monitoring in Concrete

The article presents research on the performance of different distributed fibre optic sensing (DFOS) tools, including both layered cables and monolithic composite sensors. The main need for the presented research was related to the growing applications of the DFOS techniques for the measurements of cracked concrete structures. There are no clear guidelines on the required parameters of the DFOS tools, which, despite their different designs, are offered for the same purpose (strain sensing). The state-of-the-art review and previous experiences show noticeable differences in the quality of the results depending on the applied DFOS tool. The technical construction of selected solutions was described with its theoretical consequences, and then laboratory tests on full-size reinforced concrete beams were discussed. Beams equipped with embedded tools were investigated in four-point bending tests, causing the formation of multiple cracks in the tension zone along the beams’ length. The results in the form of strain profiles registered by selected DFOS tools were analysed regarding the qualitative (crack detection) and quantitative (width estimation) crack assessment. The comparison between crack-induced strain profiles was based on a new parameter called crack shape coefficient CSC, which could be applied to assess the effectiveness of the particular DFOS tool in crack detection and analysis. It was one of the world’s first research allowing for such direct comparison between the layered and monolithic sensing tools. The summary indicates practical guidelines referring to the preferable design of the tools best suitable for crack measurements, as well as the field proofs based on data from two concrete bridges in Germany.