Factors Regulating Fluid Restitution and Plasma Volume Reduction over the Course of Hemodialysis

Over the course of hemodialysis, fluid and protein are restituted from the tissue compartment to the circulation compartment through the endothelia. Our previous model analysis on fluid and protein transport during hemodialysis is expanded to account for changes occurring in the tissue. The measured initial and end plasma protein concentration (PPC, Cp and Cp’) for six hemodialysis studies are analyzed by this expanded model. The computation results indicate that the total driving pressure to restitute fluid from the tissue to the circulation ranges from 5.4 to 20.3 mmHg. The analysis identifies that the increase in plasma colloidal osmotic pressure (COP) contributes 78 ± 6% of the total driving pressure, the decrease in microvascular blood pressure 32 ± 4%, the increase in the COP of interstitial fluid −6 ± 3%, and the decrease in interstitial fluid pressure −5 ± 2%. Let this ratio (Cp’ − Cp)/Cp’ be termed the PPC increment. The six HDs can be divided into three groups which are to have these PPC increments 25.7%, 14.5 ± 2.6(SD)% and 8.3%. It is calculated that their correspondent filtration coefficients are 0.43, 1.29 ± 0.28 and 5.93 mL/min/mmHg and the relative reductions in plasma volume (RRPV) −22.1%, −13.1 ± 6% and −9.4%. The large variations in PPC increments and RRPV show the filtration coefficient is a key factor to regulate the hemodialysis process.