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Insights into Prevention of Health Complications in Small for Gestational Age (SGA) Births in Relation to Maternal Characteristics: A Narrative Review

Small for gestational age (SGA) births are a significant clinical and public health issue. The objective of this review was to summarize maternal biological and socio-demographic factors and preventive strategies used to reduce the risk of SGA births. A literature search encompassing data from the l...

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Autores principales: Wołejszo, Sebastian, Genowska, Agnieszka, Motkowski, Radosław, Strukcinskiene, Birute, Klukowski, Mark, Konstantynowicz, Jerzy
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9862121/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36675464
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm12020531
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author Wołejszo, Sebastian
Genowska, Agnieszka
Motkowski, Radosław
Strukcinskiene, Birute
Klukowski, Mark
Konstantynowicz, Jerzy
author_facet Wołejszo, Sebastian
Genowska, Agnieszka
Motkowski, Radosław
Strukcinskiene, Birute
Klukowski, Mark
Konstantynowicz, Jerzy
author_sort Wołejszo, Sebastian
collection PubMed
description Small for gestational age (SGA) births are a significant clinical and public health issue. The objective of this review was to summarize maternal biological and socio-demographic factors and preventive strategies used to reduce the risk of SGA births. A literature search encompassing data from the last 15 years was conducted using electronic databases MEDLINE/PubMed, Google Scholar and Scopus to review risk factors and preventive strategies for SGA. Current evidence shows that primiparity, previous stillbirths, maternal age ≤24 and ≥35 years, single motherhood, low socio-economic status, smoking and cannabis use during pregnancy confer a significant risk of SGA births. Studies on alcohol consumption during pregnancy and SGA birth weight are inconclusive. Beneficial and preventive factors include the “Mediterranean diet” and dietary intake of vegetables. Periconceptional folic acid supplementation, maternal 25-hydroxyvitamin D, zinc and iron levels are partly associated with birth weight. No significant associations between COVID-19 vaccinations and birthweight are reported. A midwifery-led model based on early and extensive prenatal care reduces the risk of SGA births in women with low socio-economic status. Major preventive measures relate to the awareness of modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors of SGA, leading to changes in parents’ lifestyles. These data support that education, monitoring during pregnancy, and implementing preventive strategies are as important as biological determinants in risk reduction of SGA births.
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spelling pubmed-98621212023-01-22 Insights into Prevention of Health Complications in Small for Gestational Age (SGA) Births in Relation to Maternal Characteristics: A Narrative Review Wołejszo, Sebastian Genowska, Agnieszka Motkowski, Radosław Strukcinskiene, Birute Klukowski, Mark Konstantynowicz, Jerzy J Clin Med Review Small for gestational age (SGA) births are a significant clinical and public health issue. The objective of this review was to summarize maternal biological and socio-demographic factors and preventive strategies used to reduce the risk of SGA births. A literature search encompassing data from the last 15 years was conducted using electronic databases MEDLINE/PubMed, Google Scholar and Scopus to review risk factors and preventive strategies for SGA. Current evidence shows that primiparity, previous stillbirths, maternal age ≤24 and ≥35 years, single motherhood, low socio-economic status, smoking and cannabis use during pregnancy confer a significant risk of SGA births. Studies on alcohol consumption during pregnancy and SGA birth weight are inconclusive. Beneficial and preventive factors include the “Mediterranean diet” and dietary intake of vegetables. Periconceptional folic acid supplementation, maternal 25-hydroxyvitamin D, zinc and iron levels are partly associated with birth weight. No significant associations between COVID-19 vaccinations and birthweight are reported. A midwifery-led model based on early and extensive prenatal care reduces the risk of SGA births in women with low socio-economic status. Major preventive measures relate to the awareness of modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors of SGA, leading to changes in parents’ lifestyles. These data support that education, monitoring during pregnancy, and implementing preventive strategies are as important as biological determinants in risk reduction of SGA births. MDPI 2023-01-09 /pmc/articles/PMC9862121/ /pubmed/36675464 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm12020531 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Wołejszo, Sebastian
Genowska, Agnieszka
Motkowski, Radosław
Strukcinskiene, Birute
Klukowski, Mark
Konstantynowicz, Jerzy
Insights into Prevention of Health Complications in Small for Gestational Age (SGA) Births in Relation to Maternal Characteristics: A Narrative Review
title Insights into Prevention of Health Complications in Small for Gestational Age (SGA) Births in Relation to Maternal Characteristics: A Narrative Review
title_full Insights into Prevention of Health Complications in Small for Gestational Age (SGA) Births in Relation to Maternal Characteristics: A Narrative Review
title_fullStr Insights into Prevention of Health Complications in Small for Gestational Age (SGA) Births in Relation to Maternal Characteristics: A Narrative Review
title_full_unstemmed Insights into Prevention of Health Complications in Small for Gestational Age (SGA) Births in Relation to Maternal Characteristics: A Narrative Review
title_short Insights into Prevention of Health Complications in Small for Gestational Age (SGA) Births in Relation to Maternal Characteristics: A Narrative Review
title_sort insights into prevention of health complications in small for gestational age (sga) births in relation to maternal characteristics: a narrative review
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9862121/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36675464
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm12020531
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