Temporomandibular disorder severity and its association with psychosocial and sociodemographic factors in Turkish adults

BACKGROUND: There is a lack of awareness regarding temporomandibular disorder (TMD) and its association with psychological and sociodemographic factors in the Turkish population. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between signs/symptoms of anxiety-depression, sociodemographic factors, parafunctional habits, bruxism, and the presence and severity of the symptoms of TMD in Turkish adults. METHODS: The participants completed an online questionnaire consisting of sociodemographic questions, the Fonseca Anamnestic Index, and the Patient Health Questionnaire-4. RESULTS: The mean age of the 2580 participants was 35.29 ± 12.70 years, and 63.3% were women. The frequency of the participants who showed symptoms of TMD was 69.8%. The severity of TMD symptoms was significantly greater in participants who had signs/symptoms of anxiety and depression (p < 0.05). Sociodemographic and psychological data showed an association between the presence and severity of the symptoms of TMD and sex (OR 1.52, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.26–1.85), parafunctional habits (OR 2.64, 95% CI 2.36–2.99), bruxism (OR 3.14, 95% CI 1.78–4.90), signs/symptoms of anxiety (OR 2.30, 95% CI 1.76–3.00), and signs/symptoms of depression (OR 1.90, 95% CI 1.48–2.42). CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present study suggest that females and those who report bruxism, parafunctional habits, and signs/symptoms of anxiety-depression are more likely to show symptoms of TMD with different severity.