Cargando…
A new PHQ-2 for Chinese adolescents: identifying core items of the PHQ-9 by network analysis
BACKGROUND: The importance of preventing and treating adolescent depression has been gradually recognized in Chinese society, especially in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Early screening is the first step. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) is a leading scale in the field of depressio...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BioMed Central
2023
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9862239/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36681826 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13034-023-00559-1 |
_version_ | 1784875043780558848 |
---|---|
author | Liang, Kaixin Chen, Sitong Zhao, Yue Ren, Yizhen Ren, Zhanbing Chi, Xinli |
author_facet | Liang, Kaixin Chen, Sitong Zhao, Yue Ren, Yizhen Ren, Zhanbing Chi, Xinli |
author_sort | Liang, Kaixin |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: The importance of preventing and treating adolescent depression has been gradually recognized in Chinese society, especially in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Early screening is the first step. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) is a leading scale in the field of depression screening. To improve screening efficiency in large-scale screening, an even shorten scale is desirable. The PHQ-2, which only included two items measuring anhedonia and depressed mood, is an ultra-form of the PHQ-9. However, emerging evidence suggests that there may be a better short form for the PHQ-9, especially for adolescents. Therefore, using two large samples of Chinese adolescents, this study aimed to identify the core items of the PHQ-9 and examine the short form consisting of core items. METHODS: Surveys were conducted among primary and middle school students in two Chinese cities with different economic levels during the COVID-19 pandemic. Two gender-balanced samples aged 10 to 17 (n(Sample 1) = 67281, n(Sample 2) = 16726) were collected. Network analysis was used to identify the core items of the PHQ-9, which were extracted to combine a short version. Reliability, concurrent validity, and the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) of the short form were examined. Analyses were gender-stratified. RESULTS: Network analysis identified fatigue and depressed mood as core items in the PHQ-9 among Chinese adolescents. Items measuring Fatigue and Mood were combined to be a new PHQ-2 (PHQ-2 N). The PHQ-2 N displayed satisfactory internal consistency and current validity. Taking the PHQ-9 as a reference, the PHQ-2 N showed higher ROC areas and better sensitivity and specificity than the PHQ-2. The optimal cutoff score for the PHQ-2 N was 2 or 3. CONCLUSIONS: Fatigue and depressed mood are the central symptoms of the depressive symptom network. The PHQ-2 N has satisfactory psychometric properties and can be used in rapid depression screening among Chinese adolescents. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13034-023-00559-1. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9862239 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-98622392023-01-22 A new PHQ-2 for Chinese adolescents: identifying core items of the PHQ-9 by network analysis Liang, Kaixin Chen, Sitong Zhao, Yue Ren, Yizhen Ren, Zhanbing Chi, Xinli Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health Research BACKGROUND: The importance of preventing and treating adolescent depression has been gradually recognized in Chinese society, especially in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Early screening is the first step. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) is a leading scale in the field of depression screening. To improve screening efficiency in large-scale screening, an even shorten scale is desirable. The PHQ-2, which only included two items measuring anhedonia and depressed mood, is an ultra-form of the PHQ-9. However, emerging evidence suggests that there may be a better short form for the PHQ-9, especially for adolescents. Therefore, using two large samples of Chinese adolescents, this study aimed to identify the core items of the PHQ-9 and examine the short form consisting of core items. METHODS: Surveys were conducted among primary and middle school students in two Chinese cities with different economic levels during the COVID-19 pandemic. Two gender-balanced samples aged 10 to 17 (n(Sample 1) = 67281, n(Sample 2) = 16726) were collected. Network analysis was used to identify the core items of the PHQ-9, which were extracted to combine a short version. Reliability, concurrent validity, and the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) of the short form were examined. Analyses were gender-stratified. RESULTS: Network analysis identified fatigue and depressed mood as core items in the PHQ-9 among Chinese adolescents. Items measuring Fatigue and Mood were combined to be a new PHQ-2 (PHQ-2 N). The PHQ-2 N displayed satisfactory internal consistency and current validity. Taking the PHQ-9 as a reference, the PHQ-2 N showed higher ROC areas and better sensitivity and specificity than the PHQ-2. The optimal cutoff score for the PHQ-2 N was 2 or 3. CONCLUSIONS: Fatigue and depressed mood are the central symptoms of the depressive symptom network. The PHQ-2 N has satisfactory psychometric properties and can be used in rapid depression screening among Chinese adolescents. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13034-023-00559-1. BioMed Central 2023-01-21 /pmc/articles/PMC9862239/ /pubmed/36681826 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13034-023-00559-1 Text en © The Author(s) 2023 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. |
spellingShingle | Research Liang, Kaixin Chen, Sitong Zhao, Yue Ren, Yizhen Ren, Zhanbing Chi, Xinli A new PHQ-2 for Chinese adolescents: identifying core items of the PHQ-9 by network analysis |
title | A new PHQ-2 for Chinese adolescents: identifying core items of the PHQ-9 by network analysis |
title_full | A new PHQ-2 for Chinese adolescents: identifying core items of the PHQ-9 by network analysis |
title_fullStr | A new PHQ-2 for Chinese adolescents: identifying core items of the PHQ-9 by network analysis |
title_full_unstemmed | A new PHQ-2 for Chinese adolescents: identifying core items of the PHQ-9 by network analysis |
title_short | A new PHQ-2 for Chinese adolescents: identifying core items of the PHQ-9 by network analysis |
title_sort | new phq-2 for chinese adolescents: identifying core items of the phq-9 by network analysis |
topic | Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9862239/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36681826 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13034-023-00559-1 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT liangkaixin anewphq2forchineseadolescentsidentifyingcoreitemsofthephq9bynetworkanalysis AT chensitong anewphq2forchineseadolescentsidentifyingcoreitemsofthephq9bynetworkanalysis AT zhaoyue anewphq2forchineseadolescentsidentifyingcoreitemsofthephq9bynetworkanalysis AT renyizhen anewphq2forchineseadolescentsidentifyingcoreitemsofthephq9bynetworkanalysis AT renzhanbing anewphq2forchineseadolescentsidentifyingcoreitemsofthephq9bynetworkanalysis AT chixinli anewphq2forchineseadolescentsidentifyingcoreitemsofthephq9bynetworkanalysis AT liangkaixin newphq2forchineseadolescentsidentifyingcoreitemsofthephq9bynetworkanalysis AT chensitong newphq2forchineseadolescentsidentifyingcoreitemsofthephq9bynetworkanalysis AT zhaoyue newphq2forchineseadolescentsidentifyingcoreitemsofthephq9bynetworkanalysis AT renyizhen newphq2forchineseadolescentsidentifyingcoreitemsofthephq9bynetworkanalysis AT renzhanbing newphq2forchineseadolescentsidentifyingcoreitemsofthephq9bynetworkanalysis AT chixinli newphq2forchineseadolescentsidentifyingcoreitemsofthephq9bynetworkanalysis |