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The Influence of Calcium on the Growth, Morphology and Gene Regulation in Gemmatimonas phototrophica
The bacterium Gemmatimonas phototrophica AP64 isolated from a freshwater lake in the western Gobi Desert represents the first phototrophic member of the bacterial phylum Gemmatimonadota. This strain was originally cultured on agar plates because it did not grow in liquid medium. In contrast, the clo...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9862903/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36677319 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11010027 |
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author | Shivaramu, Sahana Tomasch, Jürgen Kopejtka, Karel , Nupur Saini, Mohit Kumar Bokhari, Syed Nadeem Hussain Küpper, Hendrik Koblížek, Michal |
author_facet | Shivaramu, Sahana Tomasch, Jürgen Kopejtka, Karel , Nupur Saini, Mohit Kumar Bokhari, Syed Nadeem Hussain Küpper, Hendrik Koblížek, Michal |
author_sort | Shivaramu, Sahana |
collection | PubMed |
description | The bacterium Gemmatimonas phototrophica AP64 isolated from a freshwater lake in the western Gobi Desert represents the first phototrophic member of the bacterial phylum Gemmatimonadota. This strain was originally cultured on agar plates because it did not grow in liquid medium. In contrast, the closely related species G. groenlandica TET16 grows both on solid and in liquid media. Here, we show that the growth of G. phototrophica in liquid medium can be induced by supplementing the medium with 20 mg CaCl(2) L(−1). When grown at a lower concentration of calcium (2 mg CaCl(2) L(−1)) in the liquid medium, the growth was significantly delayed, cells were elongated and lacked flagella. The elevated requirement for calcium is relatively specific as it can be partially substituted by strontium, but not by magnesium. The transcriptome analysis documented that several groups of genes involved in flagella biosynthesis and transport of transition metals were co-activated after amendment of 20 mg CaCl(2) L(−1) to the medium. The presented results document that G. phototrophica requires a higher concentration of calcium for its metabolism and growth compared to other Gemmatimonas species. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9862903 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-98629032023-01-22 The Influence of Calcium on the Growth, Morphology and Gene Regulation in Gemmatimonas phototrophica Shivaramu, Sahana Tomasch, Jürgen Kopejtka, Karel , Nupur Saini, Mohit Kumar Bokhari, Syed Nadeem Hussain Küpper, Hendrik Koblížek, Michal Microorganisms Article The bacterium Gemmatimonas phototrophica AP64 isolated from a freshwater lake in the western Gobi Desert represents the first phototrophic member of the bacterial phylum Gemmatimonadota. This strain was originally cultured on agar plates because it did not grow in liquid medium. In contrast, the closely related species G. groenlandica TET16 grows both on solid and in liquid media. Here, we show that the growth of G. phototrophica in liquid medium can be induced by supplementing the medium with 20 mg CaCl(2) L(−1). When grown at a lower concentration of calcium (2 mg CaCl(2) L(−1)) in the liquid medium, the growth was significantly delayed, cells were elongated and lacked flagella. The elevated requirement for calcium is relatively specific as it can be partially substituted by strontium, but not by magnesium. The transcriptome analysis documented that several groups of genes involved in flagella biosynthesis and transport of transition metals were co-activated after amendment of 20 mg CaCl(2) L(−1) to the medium. The presented results document that G. phototrophica requires a higher concentration of calcium for its metabolism and growth compared to other Gemmatimonas species. MDPI 2022-12-22 /pmc/articles/PMC9862903/ /pubmed/36677319 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11010027 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Shivaramu, Sahana Tomasch, Jürgen Kopejtka, Karel , Nupur Saini, Mohit Kumar Bokhari, Syed Nadeem Hussain Küpper, Hendrik Koblížek, Michal The Influence of Calcium on the Growth, Morphology and Gene Regulation in Gemmatimonas phototrophica |
title | The Influence of Calcium on the Growth, Morphology and Gene Regulation in Gemmatimonas phototrophica |
title_full | The Influence of Calcium on the Growth, Morphology and Gene Regulation in Gemmatimonas phototrophica |
title_fullStr | The Influence of Calcium on the Growth, Morphology and Gene Regulation in Gemmatimonas phototrophica |
title_full_unstemmed | The Influence of Calcium on the Growth, Morphology and Gene Regulation in Gemmatimonas phototrophica |
title_short | The Influence of Calcium on the Growth, Morphology and Gene Regulation in Gemmatimonas phototrophica |
title_sort | influence of calcium on the growth, morphology and gene regulation in gemmatimonas phototrophica |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9862903/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36677319 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11010027 |
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