Cargando…
The Sea Anemone Neurotoxins Modulating Sodium Channels: An Insight at Structure and Functional Activity after Four Decades of Investigation
Many human cardiovascular and neurological disorders (such as ischemia, epileptic seizures, traumatic brain injury, neuropathic pain, etc.) are associated with the abnormal functional activity of voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs/Na(V)s). Many natural toxins, including the sea anemone toxins (cal...
Autores principales: | , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9863223/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36668828 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins15010008 |
_version_ | 1784875281789485056 |
---|---|
author | Monastyrnaya, Margarita Mikhailovna Kalina, Rimma Sergeevna Kozlovskaya, Emma Pavlovna |
author_facet | Monastyrnaya, Margarita Mikhailovna Kalina, Rimma Sergeevna Kozlovskaya, Emma Pavlovna |
author_sort | Monastyrnaya, Margarita Mikhailovna |
collection | PubMed |
description | Many human cardiovascular and neurological disorders (such as ischemia, epileptic seizures, traumatic brain injury, neuropathic pain, etc.) are associated with the abnormal functional activity of voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs/Na(V)s). Many natural toxins, including the sea anemone toxins (called neurotoxins), are an indispensable and promising tool in pharmacological researches. They have widely been carried out over the past three decades, in particular, in establishing different Na(V) subtypes functional properties and a specific role in various pathologies. Therefore, a large number of publications are currently dedicated to the search and study of the structure-functional relationships of new sea anemone natural neurotoxins–potential pharmacologically active compounds that specifically interact with various subtypes of voltage gated sodium channels as drug discovery targets. This review presents and summarizes some updated data on the structure-functional relationships of known sea anemone neurotoxins belonging to four structural types. The review also emphasizes the study of type 2 neurotoxins, produced by the tropical sea anemone Heteractis crispa, five structurally homologous and one unique double-stranded peptide that, due to the absence of a functionally significant Arg14 residue, loses toxicity but retains the ability to modulate several VGSCs subtypes. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9863223 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-98632232023-01-22 The Sea Anemone Neurotoxins Modulating Sodium Channels: An Insight at Structure and Functional Activity after Four Decades of Investigation Monastyrnaya, Margarita Mikhailovna Kalina, Rimma Sergeevna Kozlovskaya, Emma Pavlovna Toxins (Basel) Review Many human cardiovascular and neurological disorders (such as ischemia, epileptic seizures, traumatic brain injury, neuropathic pain, etc.) are associated with the abnormal functional activity of voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs/Na(V)s). Many natural toxins, including the sea anemone toxins (called neurotoxins), are an indispensable and promising tool in pharmacological researches. They have widely been carried out over the past three decades, in particular, in establishing different Na(V) subtypes functional properties and a specific role in various pathologies. Therefore, a large number of publications are currently dedicated to the search and study of the structure-functional relationships of new sea anemone natural neurotoxins–potential pharmacologically active compounds that specifically interact with various subtypes of voltage gated sodium channels as drug discovery targets. This review presents and summarizes some updated data on the structure-functional relationships of known sea anemone neurotoxins belonging to four structural types. The review also emphasizes the study of type 2 neurotoxins, produced by the tropical sea anemone Heteractis crispa, five structurally homologous and one unique double-stranded peptide that, due to the absence of a functionally significant Arg14 residue, loses toxicity but retains the ability to modulate several VGSCs subtypes. MDPI 2022-12-21 /pmc/articles/PMC9863223/ /pubmed/36668828 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins15010008 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Monastyrnaya, Margarita Mikhailovna Kalina, Rimma Sergeevna Kozlovskaya, Emma Pavlovna The Sea Anemone Neurotoxins Modulating Sodium Channels: An Insight at Structure and Functional Activity after Four Decades of Investigation |
title | The Sea Anemone Neurotoxins Modulating Sodium Channels: An Insight at Structure and Functional Activity after Four Decades of Investigation |
title_full | The Sea Anemone Neurotoxins Modulating Sodium Channels: An Insight at Structure and Functional Activity after Four Decades of Investigation |
title_fullStr | The Sea Anemone Neurotoxins Modulating Sodium Channels: An Insight at Structure and Functional Activity after Four Decades of Investigation |
title_full_unstemmed | The Sea Anemone Neurotoxins Modulating Sodium Channels: An Insight at Structure and Functional Activity after Four Decades of Investigation |
title_short | The Sea Anemone Neurotoxins Modulating Sodium Channels: An Insight at Structure and Functional Activity after Four Decades of Investigation |
title_sort | sea anemone neurotoxins modulating sodium channels: an insight at structure and functional activity after four decades of investigation |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9863223/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36668828 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins15010008 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT monastyrnayamargaritamikhailovna theseaanemoneneurotoxinsmodulatingsodiumchannelsaninsightatstructureandfunctionalactivityafterfourdecadesofinvestigation AT kalinarimmasergeevna theseaanemoneneurotoxinsmodulatingsodiumchannelsaninsightatstructureandfunctionalactivityafterfourdecadesofinvestigation AT kozlovskayaemmapavlovna theseaanemoneneurotoxinsmodulatingsodiumchannelsaninsightatstructureandfunctionalactivityafterfourdecadesofinvestigation AT monastyrnayamargaritamikhailovna seaanemoneneurotoxinsmodulatingsodiumchannelsaninsightatstructureandfunctionalactivityafterfourdecadesofinvestigation AT kalinarimmasergeevna seaanemoneneurotoxinsmodulatingsodiumchannelsaninsightatstructureandfunctionalactivityafterfourdecadesofinvestigation AT kozlovskayaemmapavlovna seaanemoneneurotoxinsmodulatingsodiumchannelsaninsightatstructureandfunctionalactivityafterfourdecadesofinvestigation |